金融诈骗罪的处罚限定——以保险诈骗罪为重点  

Reasonable Limit of the Scope for Punishment of the Crime of Financial Fraud:Case Analysis of the Crime of Insurance Fraud

作　　者：孟红艳 Meng Hongyan

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2024年第1期179-193,共15页Journal of Comparative Law

摘　　要：经济刑法立法的泛化带来诸多消极影响,刑法解释论有必要对包括金融诈骗犯罪在内的经济犯罪的处罚范围予以合理限定。从保护法益或“规制缓和”等视角划定处罚范围的思路未必可靠,立足于犯罪客观要件的思考有其独特价值。诈骗犯罪是社会现状的真实反映,对涉及金融诈骗犯罪欺骗行为的解释也应该考虑各金融领域的现实状况。不同交易领域双方信息义务的特殊性,会影响欺骗行为的解释。对金融诈骗犯罪欺骗行为的判断,应从经济性视角限制地阐释行为人是否就重要事项实施欺骗,同时还需要顾及刑法固有的违法性以及交易信息义务的特殊性。保险诈骗罪中的“重要事项”,仅指涉及到保险标的和保险事故真实性的事项,行为人就该重要事项进行欺骗会影响保险公司“对价平衡”这一经济交易目的实现,造成保险公司财产损失的风险。保险人对免责事项未履行说明义务的,其不能主张在“重要事项”上被骗;恶意复保险、虚报年龄的行为属于本罪的欺骗行为,但超额保险、虚构保险利益则不构成本罪;工伤保险与商业责任保险并存时,由于两者性质不同且赔付不重叠,同时获得赔付不构成本罪。The broad application of economic criminal law has resulted in a lot of adverse effects,necessitating the need for legislative measures to establish reasonable limitations on the scope of punishment for economic crimes,e.g.the crime of financial fraud.Approaches that seek to define the scope of punishment from perspectives such as protecting legal interests or"regulatory leniency"may not be entirely reliable,whereas a focus on the objective elements of the crime holds unique value.As the crime of fraud reflects the reality of society,the interpretation of deceptive behavior in financial fraud should also take into account the actual situation in various financial sectors.The particularity of the information obligations between both parties in different transaction areas will affect the interpretation of deceptive behavior.The assessment of deceptive behavior in financial fraud should restrictively examine from an economic perspective whether individuals have engaged in deception regarding"important matters of transaction,"while taking into account the inherent illegality of criminal law and the particularity of the information obligations in transactions.Within the realm of insurance fraud,"important matters"only refers to issues related to the authenticity of insurance subjects and incidents.Deception on these important matters can disrupt the realization of the economic transaction objective of"consideration balance"for insurance companies,thereby exposing them to financial risks.If the insurers fail to perform their obligation to disclose exemption clauses,they cannot claim to have been deceived on"important matters."Malicious reinsurance and misrepresentation of age constitute deceptive behavior within this crime,while excessive insurance coverage and fabrication of insurance benefits do not.In cases where industrial injury insurance and commercial liability insurance coexist,simultaneous receipt of compensation does not constitute this offense,due to their different nature and non-overlapping coverage.

关 键 词：金融诈骗罪 保险诈骗罪 欺骗行为 重要事项 刑民交叉案件 经济刑法 

分 类 号：D924.33[政治法律—刑法学]