社会学如何把物质“请”出来?——以消费社会学中的“社会物质性”为例  

Inviting Matter to Sociology-An Illustration with Socio-materiality in the Sociology of Consumption

作　　者：王宁 Wang Ning(School of Humanities,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,P.R.China;School of Sociology and Anthropology,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学人文学院,南京211189 [2]中山大学社会学与人类学学院,南京211189

出　　处：《山东大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第2期80-93,共14页Journal of Shandong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“发展分享经济的社会环境与社会问题研究”(16ZDA082)。

摘　　要：社会世界不但具有意义,而且也具有物质性,但社会学却变成了拉图尔所批评的“无物体的社会学”。造成这一结果的原因之一,是社会学家对陷入庸俗唯物论和技术决定论的担忧。因此,当社会学家谈到物质的时候,往往侧重其符号性质或文化性质,从而使其能够纳入社会学主流理论框架。但如果脱离物质和物质性,社会学的解释力将受到很大限制。随着数字技术革命时代技术产品对社会生活的影响力越来越大,社会学忽视物质性的局限愈发凸显。在拉图尔等学者的呼吁下,一些社会学家开始重视物质在社会学中的地位。但社会学家对于如何请出物质,依然还未达成共识。而重构吉登斯“结构与能动的关系”提供了一个切入口:把物质放入其中,就形成了“结构-物质-能动”的三角形关系理论。物质性和社会性的纠缠,形成了社会物质性。用“社会物质性”来解释某些社会现象,有时比用单纯的社会因素更具有解释力,这可以从消费社会学的实例中得到说明。The social world is laden not only with meaning but also with materiality.However,sociology has evolved into what Latour critiques as“sociology without objects”.A contributing factor to this evolution is the sociologists’concern over being ensnared by vulgar materialism or technological determinism.Consequently,in discussions of materiality,sociologists frequently highlight its symbolic or cultural aspects,thereby fitting it within the mainstream theoretical frameworks of the discipline.Nevertheless,by neglecting matter and materiality,sociology’s explanatory power is significantly hampered.The increasing impact of digital technologies on social life amplifies limitations of the sociology that overlooks materiality.In response to calls from scholars such as Latour for greater recognition of materiality,some sociologists have begun to reaffirm the significance of matter within the field.Yet,there is no consensus on how to properly integrate materiality into sociological discourse.A promising approach is to adapt Giddens’“structuration theory,”which traditionally considers the duality of structure and agency,by incorporating materiality into this interplay.This creates a theoretical triad relation of structure,materiality,and agency.This triadic relationship enriches our understanding of social phenomena because it acknowledges the role of the material.Incorporating materiality does not detract from the sociological essence of the discipline,for materiality does not operate in isolation.Instead,it is invariably intertwined with the sociality.Acknowledging this entanglement transforms the sociality from a solitary concept into one of socio-materiality,endowing sociology with a more comprehensive explanatory power.The paradigm of socio-materiality is particularly evident within the sociology of consumption,where it becomes especially salient.In order to better explain consumer behavior,we need to input materiality into both structure and agency.As a result,structure becomes humansmateriality combination

关 键 词：结构与能动 物质(性) 社会物质性 人-物组合结构 技术决定论 

分 类 号：C913.3[经济管理]