备案审查背景下婚检法律制度之重构  

The Reconstruction of the Mechanism of Premarital Examination within the Framework of the Record and Review Mechanism

作　　者：杨晓楠 Yang Xiao-nan

机构地区：[1]中山大学法学院

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（法学版）》2024年第1期2-13,共12页Journal of Soochow University：Law Edition

摘　　要：2003年国务院《婚姻登记条例》通过后,在实践层面取消了强制婚检制度,而母婴保健相关立法仍要求在婚姻登记前进行婚检,两者长期存在的冲突引发学界关注。《民法典》实施后,其作为调整民事关系的基本法律,为重构婚检法律制度提供了新的思路。从历史维度看,新中国婚姻登记制度以法治运动引导规则和实践变迁;在规范层面,婚检制度与婚姻登记中禁止性要件规定相关联。当《民法典》不再将身体疾病作为禁止结婚要件后,婚姻登记机关通过婚检干涉宪法上婚姻自由的正当性难以证成。为服务优生法治化的目标,建立婚前健康咨询、免费自愿婚检、个人声明制度等,保障当事人建立婚姻关系时的意思自治,是《民法典》实施背景下婚检法律制度构建的正当方式。The Regulation on Marriage Registration promogulated by the State Council in 2003 abolished compulsory premarital examination,while the relevant maternal and child health care laws still required a compulsory examination before marriage registration.The conflict between these legislations lasted for a long time.Since the Civil Code came into force in 2021 as the fundamental law in the civil field,the framework for premarital examination would be restructured accordingly.Historically,premarital examination is related to a set of policies,but maternal and child health care does not necessarily require premarital screening.The unlawful marriages are usually relevant to it.Since the Civil Code has already deleted the health-related forbidden marriages,premarital examination is thus hardly justified now.The legislators should not intrude the freedom of marriage in this way.To restructure a valid and appropriate mechanism,the legislators may consider establishing the premarital counseling,providing free medical examinations on a voluntary basis,and requiring a system of personal declarations.

关 键 词：强制婚检 婚姻自由 无效婚姻 禁止结婚要件 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]