十字路口上的日本动产担保法  

Japanese Movable Property Guarantee Law Is at The Crossroads

作　　者： 徐洁 燕颖川(译) FUJISAWA Haruna;Xu Jie;Yan Ying-chuan

机构地区：[1]立教大学法学部 [2]西南政法大学民商法学院

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（法学版）》2024年第1期149-160,共12页Journal of Soochow University：Law Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“非典型担保物权的法律适用与运用难题研究”(项目编号:22BFX077)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：日本动产担保法的修改正面临着艰难的抉择。担保的法律形式的一元主义和多元主义的选择以及动产担保标的物范围的规定最为棘手。关于法律形式,无论是以美国为代表的一元主义,还是以法国为代表的多元主义实际都不是绝对的,日本担保法制部会的两种法案也不是对立的。所以,或许在法律形式上采用多元主义,而对任何形式的担保交易都采用同样的规则是实现实质性的一元主义的最好路径。关于担保标的物范围的扩张,其核心问题是,集合动产概念扩张的范围,如何处理因缓和集合动产的特定性要件而产生的一系列法律问题,以及企业营业资产成为担保客体的问题。同时,还要考虑一般实体法与破产法关于动产担保制度的协调。The modification of Japanese Movable Property Guarantee Law is facing a difficult choice.The choice between monism and pluralism of the legal forms of the guarantee,and the regulation of the scope of the subject matter of the movable property guarantee are obviously a knotty problem.As for the legal form,both the monism represented by the United States and the pluralism represented by France are not an unique choice,and the two kinds of Guarantee Law bills adopted by Japanese Ministry are not opposed.Therefore,the best approach to achieve substantive monism may be to adopt pluralism in legal form while applying the same rules to any form of secured transactions.As for the expansion of the scope of the subject matter of the guarantee,the core issues include the scope of the expansion of the concept of collective movable property,how to deal with following legal problems which arised from the relaxation of the specific requirements of collective movable property,and whether the enterprise business assets can become the object of the guarantee or not.At the same time,it is necessary to consider the coordination of the general substantive law and the bankruptcy law on the movable property guarantee system.

关 键 词：动产担保法 担保的法律形式 担保标的物的范围 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]