2021年9月13—14日青海海南地区降水过程分析  

Analysis of Precipitation Process in Hainan,Qinghai Province from September 13 to 14,2021

作　　者：李悦 李国玉 贺永平 Li Yue(Meteorological Bureau of Hainan Zang Autonomous Prefecture,Qinghai Province,Gonghe,Qinghai 813000)

机构地区：[1]青海省海南藏族自治州气象局,青海共和813000 [2]青海省玉树藏族自治州气象局,青海玉树815000

出　　处：《农业灾害研究》2023年第12期135-137,共3页Journal of Agricultural Catastrophology

摘　　要：针对2021年9月13—14日海南州出现的大到暴雨天气过程,从大尺度环流背景、中尺度触发机制及卫星、雷达等资料进行综合分析,归纳过程特点及各种物理指标。结果表明:(1)整体环境条件为高温高湿,冷暖气流在青海省东部地区交汇,系统东移至海南地区,触发强降水。(2)强而深厚的西南暖湿气流有利于不稳定能量的集聚,而扩散南下的冷空气对能量的释放起到触发作用,中尺度系统加强水汽的辐合上升运动,触发不稳定能量,决定了降水开始时间和地点。(3)地面水汽达到了地面暴雨的基本阈值,湿层深厚,局地水汽条件较好。(4)发生强降水的地点位于对流云团移动方向前侧TBB梯度较大地区及对流云团中心亮温较低处。(5)此次强降水过程,回波中心密实,强回波边缘梯度大,而且反射率因子、垂直液态水含量(VIL)等都符合短时强降水回波强度特征,强回波带停滞时间较长,造成列车效应,导致了强降水的发生。Based on the large-scale circulation background,mesoscale trigger mechanism,satellite,radar and other data,a comprehensive analysis was made on the heavy to rainstorm weather process in Hainan on September 13~14,2021,and the process characteristics and various physical indicators were summarized.The results indicate that:(1)the overall environmental conditions were high temperature and humidity,with cold and warm air currents intersecting in the eastern region of Qinghai Province,and the system moving eastward to the Hainan region,triggering strong precipitation.(2)The strong and deep southwest warm and humid airflow was conducive to the accumulation of unstable energy,while the cold air diffusing southward triggers the release of energy.The mesoscale system strengthens the convergence and upward movement of water vapor,triggering unstable energy and determining the start time and location of precipitation.(3)The surface water vapor reached the basic threshold of surface rainstorm,and the wet layer was deep,and the local water vapor conditions were good.(4)The location where heavy precipitation occurs was located in the area with a large TBB gradient in front of the moving direction of the convective cloud cluster and at a lower brightness temperature in the center of the convective cloud cluster.(5)During this heavy precipitation process,the echo center was dense,the edge gradient of the strong echo was large,and the reflectivity factor,vertical liquid water content(VIL),and other factors were consistent with the intensity characteristics of short-term heavy precipitation echoes.The stagnation time of the strong echo zone was long,causing the train effect and leading to the occurrence of heavy precipitation.

关 键 词：暴雨 高温高湿 海南地区 

分 类 号：P426.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]