2022年长江上游流域严重干旱对三峡水电站水力发电的影响分析  

Analysis of the impact of severe drought in the upper Yangtze River basin on the hydroelectricity production of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station in 2022

作　　者：刘喆 王飞[5] 韩钦梅 姜璐 史培军[1,2,3] LIU Zhe;WANG Fei;HAN Qin-Mei;JIANG Lu;SHI Pei-Jun(State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology(ESPRE),Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters of Chinese Ministry of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management,Ministry of Emergency Management&Ministry of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;College of Earth and Environment Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;National Climate Centre,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China;Faculty of Arts and Sciences,Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai,Zhuhai 519085,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室,北京100875 [3]北京师范大学应急管理部-教育部减灾与应急管理研究院,北京100875 [4]北京师范大学地理科学学部,北京100875 [5]兰州大学资源环境学院,兰州730000 [6]中国气象局国家气候中心,北京100081 [7]北京师范大学(珠海)文理学院,珠海519085

出　　处：《气候变化研究进展》2024年第1期37-47,共11页Climate Change Research

基　　金：综合灾害风险学科创新引智计划2.0(B08008)。

摘　　要：利用三峡水电站精细化水文数据推算了高时间分辨率的发电量数据,量化了2022年长江上游流域严重干旱对三峡水电站水力发电的影响,并结合汇流区域气象站点降水量数据,分析了汇流区域气象干旱对三峡水电站水力发电的影响机理。结果表明:2022年三峡水电站水力发电量的减少主要集中在7—11月,该时期总水力发电量较正常情况减少了241.10亿kW·h(44.75%);其中,9月水力发电量减少幅度最大,水力发电量较正常情况减少了68.43亿kW·h(61.05%)。2022年三峡水电站汇流区域7—8月的气象干旱快速传导为水文干旱;同时,6—11月三峡水电站对发电量的调节能力变弱,水文干旱对发电量影响较强;三峡水电站汇流区域7—8月发生的气象干旱与防汛库容的要求,对水力发电均产生了较强影响,其“蓄丰补枯”作用的发挥也受到了明显的不利影响。High temporal resolution hydrologic data of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station were used to calculate high temporal resolution data of hydroelectricity production.Accordingly,the impact of severe drought in the Upper Yangtze River basin on hydroelectricity production of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station in 2022 was quantified.And,the mechanism of the impact of meteorological drought on hydropower power was analyzed by combining the precipitation data of meteorological stations in the confluence area.The results showed that the reduction of hydroelectricity production of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station in 2022 was mainly concentrated in July-November,which the total hydroelectricity production decreased by 24.110 billion kW∙h(44.75%)compared with the normal condition.Among them,the decrease in hydroelectricity production was the largest in September,with hydroelectricity production decreased by 6.843 billion kW∙h(61.05%)compared with normal condition.In 2022,the meteorological drought in July and August in the confluence area of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station quickly caused the hydrological drought.Meanwhile,the adjustment capacity of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station was weak from June to November,and the impact of hydrological drought on hydroelectricity production was strong.The meteorological drought that occurred in the confluence area of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station in July-August and the requirement for flood control storage capacity both had a strong impact on hydroelectricity production,and its function of“saving abundant and replenishment dry”had also been obviously adversely affected.

关 键 词：2022年严重干旱 三峡水电站 水力发电 长江上游流域 

分 类 号：P426.616[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] TV72[水利工程—水利水电工程]