橡胶红根病生防深海真菌的筛选、鉴定及拮抗效果评价  

Screening,Identification,and Evaluation of the Antagonistic Effects of Deep-sea Fungi for Biocontrol of Rubber Red Root Disease

作　　者：苻清天 夏天生 肖洋洋 叶英豪 陈璠颖 徐小雄 FU Qingtian;XIA Tiansheng;XIAO Yangyang;YE Yinghao;CHEN Fanying;XU Xiaoxiong(Hainan Tropical Ocean University,Sanya,Hainan 572022,China)

机构地区：[1]海南热带海洋学院,海南三亚572022

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2024年第1期1-8,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目“深海源可培养真菌次级代谢物抗金黄色葡萄球菌研究”(No.321RC748);海南省大学生创新创业训练计划项目“热带植物病原菌拮抗海洋微生物的筛选与鉴定”(No.S202111100011)。

摘　　要：橡胶树红根病是我国热带地区橡胶产业的毁灭性病害之一,严重影响我国橡胶产业的发展和热带人工林生态系统恢复。为克服实际生产中物理防治和化学防治的弊端,亟需寻找一种相对高效、安全的防治措施。随着科技发展和环境保护的需求日益扩增,生物防治成为病虫害防治最具发展潜力的研究方向。为了获得对橡胶树红根病病原菌具有较高拮抗活性的生防真菌,以橡胶树红根病的病原菌为靶标,以深海沉积物可培养真菌为指示菌,采用平板对峙法进行初筛,对有活性菌株进一步分别采用平板对峙法、对扣平板法与圆盘滤膜法测定发酵液、易挥发产物与难挥发产物等各自的抑菌率,全面评估其拮抗效果。结果表明,供试的56株深海真菌中,有9株具有平板对峙活性。复筛结果表明,9株真菌菌株发酵液、易挥发性代谢产物与难挥发性代谢产物对病原菌的的抑制率分别为–29.55%~48.45%、–3.56%~51.46%与–10.00%~50.00%。其中,菌株DSF034的发酵液、易挥发性代谢产物与难挥发性代谢产物对病原菌的抑制率分别为21.69%、32.04%与33.33%;菌株DSF073的发酵液、易挥发性代谢产物与难挥发性代谢产物对病原菌的抑制率则分别为48.45%、51.46%与50.00%,明显高于其他菌株。结合形态学观察与rDNA-ITS序列分析,分别将菌株DSF034与DSF073鉴定为青霉属(Penicillin sp.)和曲霉属(Aspergillus sp.),其生防潜力较好,可为橡胶树红根病生防菌剂的选择提供新的菌种资源。Rubber root rot is one of the devastating diseases in China's tropical rubber industry that seriously affects the development of the rubber industry and the restoration of tropical artificial forest ecosystems. It is urgent to find an efficient and safe control measure to overcome the shortcomings of physical and chemical control in practical production. With the development of science and technology and the increasing demand for environmental protection, biological control has become the most promising research direction for pest control. This study targeted the pathogenic bacteria of rubber root rot, used deep-sea sediment culturable fungi as indicator fungi, and screened for initial activity using the plate confrontation method to obtain biocontrol fungi with high antagonistic activity against the pathogenic bacteria of rubber root rot. The antagonistic effects of the active strains were further evaluated through plate confrontation, hole plate, and paper disk methods to measure the inhibitory effects of fermentation broth, volatile metabolites, and nonvolatile metabolites, respectively. The results showed that among the 56 strains of deep-sea fungi tested, nine strains exhibited activity in the plate confrontation assay. The results of the secondary screening showed that the inhibition rates of the fermentation broth, volatile metabolites, and nonvolatile metabolites of the nine fungal strains against the pathogenic bacteria ranged from –29.55% to 48.45%, –3.56% to 51.46%, and –10.00% to 50.00%, respectively. Among them, the inhibition rates of the fermentation broth, volatile metabolites, and nonvolatile metabolites of the strains DSF034 and DSF073 against the pathogenic bacteria were significantly greater than those of the other strains. The inhibition rates were 21.69%, 32.04%, and 33.33% for DSF034, and 48.45%, 51.46%, and 50.00% for DSF073, respectively. Based on morphology and rDNA-ITS sequence analysis, the strains DSF034 and DSF073 were identified as Penicillin sp. and Aspergillus sp., respectiv

关 键 词：橡胶红根病 生物防治 深海真菌 拮抗作用 

分 类 号：S533[农业科学—作物学]