论信赖原则及其例外在道路交通事故中的适用——以涉老交通肇事案件为例  

The Application of Trust Principle and its Exceptions in Criminal Law——Taking the Road Traffic Accident for the Elderly as an Example

作　　者：杨滨蔓 巩建国 YANG Binman;GONG Jianguo(University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China;Research Institute for Road Safety of MPS,Beijing 100062,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学,北京102488 [2]公安部道路交通安全研究中心,北京100062

出　　处：《北京警察学院学报》2024年第1期62-70,共9页Journal of Beijing Police College

基　　金：公安部公安理论及软科学研究计划“自动驾驶汽车人机共驾安全性提升对策研究”(项目编号:2021LL62)。

摘　　要：交通领域对刑法信赖原则的适用,多因信赖不具社会相当性而予以否定。老年人等交通弱势群体作为信赖原则的例外,是法规范基于不能合理期待其适当的交通行为,对其合法权益的保护以及交通老龄化问题的应对。信赖原则及其例外的适用具有相对性,需结合其理论本质及适用困境的考察,具化信赖存在与否的实际情形、严格前置的行政规范认定、充分预见可能性与回避可能性的判断,明晰适用的合理限度、均衡责任的合理分配、限缩过失犯成立的合理范围,以统筹保障人们的交通安全与行动自由。The application of the principle of the trust principle in criminal law in the field of traffic is mostly rejected because reliance is not socially equivalent.As an exception to the trust principle,the elderly and other vulnerable groups in traffic are protected by legal norms because it is unreasonable to expect them to behave safely.This helps address the safety of aging traffic.The application of the trust principle and its exceptions is relative and needs to be examined substantively based on its theoretical nature and the dilemma of its application.The actual circumstances of the existence or non-existence of trust are specific.And we are required to strictly determine the antecedent administrative norms,make adequate judgment on the foreseeability of damage and avoidability of damage.Also,we need to clarify the reasonable limits of the application of the trust principle,balance the reasonable allocation of criminal liability,and limit the reasonable scope of the establishment of criminal negligence,in order to protect traffic safety and freedom of conduct in an integrated manner.

关 键 词：信赖原则 过失犯 注意义务 结果回避可能性 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学] D922.14[政治法律—法学]