黑社会性质组织犯罪涉案财产的证明问题——《反有组织犯罪法》第45条第3款的展开  

The Proof of the Property Involved in the Crime of the Criminal Organization--Implementation of Article 45(3)of the Organized Crime Law

作　　者：孙娇[1] 李麒[1] SUN Jiao;LI Qi(Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学,太原030006

出　　处：《北京警察学院学报》2024年第1期87-95,共9页Journal of Beijing Police College

摘　　要：如何证明涉案财产的权属性质,从而合理划分涉案财产的处置范围是涉黑案件财产处置程序的重点与难点。《反有组织犯罪法》第45条第3款创设“高度可能”证明标准,有效破解了黑社会性质组织犯罪“来源不明”财产的证明难题,明确了涉案财产的权属认定,增强了裁判文书的司法权威,预防了涉黑组织的“卷土重来”。实践中,“高度可能”证明标准的适用与被告人、利害关系人的财产密切相关,必须辩证地理解与把握“高度可能”证明标准适用的前提与范围,厘清该证明标准与证明责任的关系,进而完善被告人“说明财产合法来源”程序的权利保障,吸纳财产利害关系人“参与”涉案财产处置程序,以实现涉黑案件“打财断血”的同时保障好被告人、利害关系人的诉讼权利与财产权益。Oral confession,as a relatively rich type of evidence,plays an irreplaceable evidential role in the identification of organized crime cases,helping the investigating authorities to timely obtain relevant clues,effectively review the evidence in the case,and comprehensively prove the facts of the case.Therefore,public security and judicial organs are prone to forming a certain preference for oral confession in the identification process of organized crime cases.Due to the subjectivity and variability of oral confession itself,its evidential function must be based on the truthfulness,voluntariness,and legality of the content of the confession.Otherwise,it will alienate the concept of litigation,induce unjust,false,and erroneous cases,and damage the effectiveness of litigation.Therefore,it is necessary to adopt a rational attitude towards confessions,not only recognizing their evidential value but also maintaining their limits.It is necessary to correct the preference for confessions in the determination of organized crime cases from the procedural level,establish a vertical review mechanism for single evidence of confessions,construct a horizontal confirmation system for the evidence chain of confessions,and reasonably play the evidence function of confessions in the determination of organized crime cases.

关 键 词：《反有组织犯罪法》 黑社会性质组织犯罪 涉案财产 高度可能 证明标准 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学] D925.2[政治法律—法学]