2018—2022年肇庆市禽流感病毒外环境监测及消毒效果分析  

Surveillance and effectiveness evaluation of environmental disinfection in Zhaoqing Ctiy,2018-2022

作　　者：简敏婷 麦炜 黄国华[1] JIAN Minting;MAI Wei;HUANG Guohua(Zhaoqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhaoqing,Guangdong 526060,China)

机构地区：[1]肇庆市疾病预防控制中心,广东肇庆526060

出　　处：《中国公共卫生管理》2023年第5期695-698,702,共5页Chinese Journal of Public Health Management

基　　金：肇庆市科技创新计划项目(No.2021040314036)。

摘　　要：目的了解肇庆市禽流感病毒外环境污染情况及消毒方式,为人禽流感防控提供科学依据。方法2018—2022年对肇庆市禽类市场档口的消毒方式进行调查并采集外环境标本,采用荧光定量PCR方法进行通用甲型流感病毒核酸检测,阳性样本进一步进行亚型检测,使用χ^(2)检验进行分析。结果2018—2022年共采集样本1913份,甲型流感病毒阳性率为45.37%,高致病性禽流感病毒阳性率为6.90%。宰杀或案板禽肉案板表面和限制区档口污染严重,在应急监测下使用消毒粉+高压水枪消毒的甲型流感病毒阳性率最低,为22.50%;使用洗洁精+普通水管消毒的高致病性禽流感病毒阳性率最高,为39.06%。结论2018—2022年肇庆市禽类市场外环境受禽流感病毒污染程度高,以H9亚型病毒为主,污染高峰在冬春季,需要增加消毒粉和高压水枪的投入使用。Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of avian influenza virus and the pattern of cleaning and disinfection in Zhaoqing City,in order to provide evidence for the prevention and control of human infection with avian influenza virus.Methods From 2018 to 2022,disinfection methods were surveyed and environmental samples were collected from poultry related sites in Zhaoqing.The detection of influenza A virus was conducted by fluorescence quantitative PCR,and the positive samples were identified for subtype viruses and the results were analyzed by χ^(2) test.Results A total of 1 913 poultry related environmental samples were collected in Zhaoqing during 2018—2022.The positive rate of avian influenza A virus was 45.37%,and that of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus was 45.37%.Avian influenza virus contamination exists in the restricted area and chopping block swabs were most heavily.The lowest positive rate of avian influenza A virus was detected in which stalls cleaned by disinfection powder added hydraulic giant under emergency monitoring,and the highest positive rate of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus was detected which stalls cleaned by detergent added waterpipe.Conclusion The environment of poultry related sites were in high contamination level of avian influenza virus in 2018—2022,and there was a high detection rate of avian influenza A virus H9 subtype.The incidence of the human infection with avian influenza virus is high in winter and spring.It is necessary to strengthen the environmental disinfection of poultry related sites by increasing the input of disinfectant powder and hydraulic giant.

关 键 词：禽流感病毒 监测 清洁消毒 

分 类 号：R181.8[医药卫生—流行病学]