哈尔滨市大气PM_(2.5)中重金属元素的慢性健康风险评估  

Chronic health risk assessment of heavy metals in atmospheric PM_(2.5)in Harbin City

作　　者：王蕊[1] 兰莉[1] 王春莲[1] 闫世春[2] 张婷婷[1] 赵娜[1] 杨超[1] WANG Rui;LAN li;WANG Chunlian;YAN Shichun;ZHANG Tingting;ZHAO Na;YANG Chao(Harbin Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150056,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨市疾病预防控制中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150056 [2]黑龙江省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国公共卫生管理》2023年第6期846-849,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health Management

基　　金：黑龙江省卫生健康委科研课题(20211212050296)。

摘　　要：目的评估哈尔滨市大气PM_(2.5)中重金属元素通过吸入途径对人群产生的不良影响。方法收集2019年1—12月哈尔滨市2个国家监控点常规监测的PM_(2.5)浓度及铝(Al)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、铅(Pb)、锰(Mn)、镍(Ni)、硒(Se)、砷(As)8种重金属元素浓度的日均值,利用美国EPA健康风险评价模型评估大气PM_(2.5)中重金属元素呼吸暴露慢性健康风险。结果哈尔滨市大气PM_(2.5)年平均浓度为51.17μg/m^(3),是我国环境空气质量标准限值的1.46倍。Cd、Hg、Pb、As元素年平均浓度均低于我国环境空气质量标准限值。As元素的Risk值为8.50×10^(-6)。从全年整体情况看,Al、As和Mn元素大约分别有1%、6%、7%的比例HQ>1;Cd、Ni元素大约分别有7%、4%的比例Risk>1×10^(-6)。结论哈尔滨市大气PM_(2.5)污染比较严重,其中As的慢性致癌风险较高,Cd、Ni具有一定的慢性致癌效应,Al、As和Mn具有一定的慢性非致癌效应,应重视大气PM_(2.5)中重金属元素对人体健康的潜在危害风险。Objective To evaluate the adverse effects of heavy metal elements in atmospheric PM_(2.5)in Harbin City on the population through inhalation.Methods Collecting the daily average values of PM_(2.5)concentrations and the concentrations of eight heavy metals including aluminum(Al),cadmium(Cd),mercury(Hg),lead(Pb),manganese(Mn),nickel(Ni),selenium(Se)and arsenic(As)that were routinely monitored at two national control points from January to December,2019.With US EPA,the health risk assessment model assessed the chronic health risks of respiratory exposure to heavy metal elements in PM_(2.5).Results The average annual concentration of atmospheric PM_(2.5)in Harbin was 51.17μg/m^(3),which was 1.46 times of the limit of China’s ambient air quality standard.The annual average concentrations of Cd,Hg,Pb and As were all lower than the limit of China’s ambient air quality standards.The risk value of As is 8.50×10^(-6).From the overall situation throughout the year,the proportion of AL,As and Mn was about 1%,6%and 7%respectively and HQ>1.Cd and Ni had 7%and 4%,respectively,and risk values>1×10^(-6).Conclusion The PM_(2.5)pollution in Harbin is relatively serious.Among them,As has a higher risk of chronic carcinogenesis.Cd and Ni have certain chronic carcinogenic effects.Al,As and Mn have certain chronic non-carcinogenic effects.So attention should be paid to the potential hazards of heavy metals in atmospheric PM_(2.5)to humans.

关 键 词：PM_(2.5) 重金属元素 风险评估 哈尔滨 

分 类 号：R122.7[医药卫生—环境卫生学]