微塑料的测定方法以及对水生生物的生态毒理效应  

Methods for determination of microplastics and their ecotoxicological effects on aquatic organisms

作　　者：崔铁峰 张杰 卢灿然 王宏伟[1] 叶晔 CUI Tiefeng;ZHANG Jie;LU Canran;WANG Hongwei;YE Ye(Institute of Life Science and Green Development,College of Life Sciences,Hebei University,Baoding 071002,China;State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Science,Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Sciences,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Science and Technology Center,China-Japan Friendship and Environmental Protection Center,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]河北大学生命科学学院生命科学与绿色发展研究院,河北保定071002 [2]华东师范大学河口海岸科学研究院,河口海岸国家重点实验室,上海200241 [3]中日友好环境保护中心科技中心,北京100029

出　　处：《河北大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第1期84-91,共8页Journal of Hebei University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：农业农村部项目(2130135);教育部留学回国基金资助项目(201808130270);河北省自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(C2022201042);河北省科技特派员项目(2022-2024)。

摘　　要：综述了当前微塑料(microplastics,MPs)分离和分析方法的研究进展,包括机械过滤、化学处理、胶体共沉淀、密度梯度离心和光学/荧光/拉曼分析等方法,同时介绍了它们的优缺点和适用范围,为微塑料污染的检测、监测和评估提供了参考.概述了MPs对水生生物的毒性效应:MPs在被水生生物摄入的过程中会对生物体的消化道造成物理损伤,同时MPs的摄入会增加饱腹感,影响水生生物对食物的消化吸收;MPs的摄入还会使水生生物肠道中的微生物群落组成和多样性发生改变;MPs暴露会引起水生生物基因的改变,还会诱发水生生物的氧化应激反应,并干扰其脂质和能量代谢.MPs对消化系统的影响及对肠道微生物平衡的破坏可能是生物体脂质和能量代谢相关基因改变的原因之一.MPs可以吸附和富集其他物质,从而对生物产生更严重的联合毒理效应.MPs对生物体消化道的物理损伤及其在生物体内的积累和扩散可能是引起氧化应激反应和免疫反应的主要原因.不仅对水生生物,MPs对人类的健康风险也引起人们对其潜在影响的关注.The research progress of separation and analysis methods of Microplastics(MPs),including mechanical filtration,chemical treatment,colloidal coprecipitation,density gradient centrifugation and optical/fluorescence/Raman analysis,was reviewed.Their advantages,disadvantages and application range were also introduced,which provided a reference for the detection,monitoring and evaluation of microplastics pollution.The toxic effects of MPs on aquatic organisms were also reviewed:MPs could cause physical damage to the digestive tract of aquatic organisms during ingestion,while the ingestion of MPs could increase satiety and affect the digestion and absorption of food by aquatic organisms;the ingestion of MPs could also alter the composition and diversity of microbial communities in the gut of aquatic organisms;MPs exposure could cause genetic alterations in aquatic organisms.The effects of MPs on the digestive system and the disruption of gut microbial homeostasis may be one of the causes of genetic alterations related to lipid and energy metabolism in organisms;the physical damage to the digestive tract and the accumulation and spread of MPs in organisms may be the main cause of oxidative stress and immune responses.MPs could adsorb and enrich other substances,resulting in more severe combined toxicological effects on organisms.The physical damage to the digestive tract of organisms and their accumulation and spread in the organism may be the main cause of oxidative stress and immune response.

关 键 词：微塑料 水生生物 生态毒理效应 

分 类 号：Q89[生物学]