中山纪念与市政改良:岭南近代中山公园的创建  

The Commemoration of Sun Yat-sen and Municipal Improvement:The Creation of Zhongshan Parks in Modern Lingnan Area

作　　者：王艳婷 彭长歆[1,2] WANG Yanting;PENG Changxin

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学建筑学院,广州510641 [2]华南理工大学亚热带建筑与城市科学全国重点实验室,广州510641

出　　处：《中国园林》2024年第1期138-144,共7页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“基于二维历史图像三维重建的清末岭南私园空间形态与构成规律研究”(编号51978271)资助。

摘　　要：20世纪二三十年代,中国政府把对于孙中山先生的纪念跟市政建设结合在一起,一系列中山纪念建筑或空间场所在全国各地大量涌现,其中以中山公园的分布最为广泛,而岭南地区尤为突出。选取岭南近代59座中山公园为研究对象,通过文献调研回溯中山公园创建的缘起,并从筹建与选址、空间的建构及功能多样化三方面论述其营建特征。研究表明:1)中山公园经历了从中山纪念到与市政治理结合的过程;2)中山公园在筹建方式上表现为政府与市民的共同参与,它们多选址山水形胜处,且部分位于城市中轴线上;3)中山公园通过空间建构积极推广了孙中山符号,赋予了城市公共空间新的内涵;4)中山公园采取了功能化的空间配置方法。研究结果有助于深入理解岭南近代中山公园的营建逻辑及岭南园林的现代化发展历程,同时也能为当今纪念性公园的建设提供思路。In the 1920s and 1930s,Chinese governments combine the commemoration of Mr.Sun Yat-sen with municipal construction,and a series of Sun Yat-sen commemorative buildings or spaces,including Sun Yat-sen Parks,Sun Yat-sen Memorial Halls,Sun Yatsen Libraries,and Sun Yat-sen Museums,emerged in large numbers all over the country,with Sun Yat-sen Parks being the most widely distributed,and the Lingnan region being particularly prominent.59 Zhongshan Parks in Lingnan region are selected as the research objects,and through the literature research,the origins of the creation of Zhongshan Parks are retraced,and their construction characteristics are discussed in three aspects,namely,the preparation and selection of the site,the construction of the space,and the diversification of the functions.The study shows that:1)Zhongshan Parks have gone through the process from commemorating Mr.Sun Yat-sen to combining with municipal governance;2)Zhongshan Parks are built with the participation of both the government and the citizens;most of them are situated in scenic spots and some of them are located in the city's central axis;3)Zhongshan Parks actively promote the symbol of Mr.Sun Yat-sen through the spatial construction,which gives the city's public space a new connotation;4)Zhongshan Parks have adopted a functionalized spatial configuration method.The results of this study help people today to understand the logic of the construction of Zhongshan Parks and the modernization of Lingnan gardens,and also provide ideas for the construction of monumental parks today.

关 键 词：风景园林 中国近代园林史 岭南园林 中山公园 市政改良 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]