平板式永磁电动悬浮系统设计与实验研究  

Design and Test of the Flat-Type Permanent Magnet Electromagnetic Suspension System

作　　者：石洪富 邓自刚[2] 柯志昊 向雨晴 张卫华[2] Shi Hongfu;Deng Zigang;Ke Zhihao;Xiang Yuqing;Zhang Weihua(School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031 China;State Key Laboratory Rail Transit Vehicle System Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031 China;School of Mechanical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031 China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学信息科学与技术学院,成都610031 [2]西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室,成都610031 [3]西南交通大学机械工程学院,成都610031

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2024年第5期1270-1283,共14页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

基　　金：四川省科技厅项目(22JDTD0011);江苏省交通运输厅科技项目(2021Y02)资助。

摘　　要：该文提出一种以汽车为载体的平板式永磁电动悬浮系统,并从结构设计、等效实验、原理样机测试三方面对电磁特性开展研究。首先,阐述系统的结构及原理,依托自主研制的最高时速600 km的动轨实验台,分析在固定参数下的电磁力特性和垂向自稳定能力,并验证有限元模型的准确性。其次,对悬浮磁体、导向磁体、导体板进行计算分析。最后,改装汽车,加装间隙调节机构、简易悬浮架、车载磁体及测试系统,并搭建长50 m的铜制导体板轨道,开展原理样机测试。整车约为1500 kg,最高实验速度为70 km/h,最大悬浮间隙约为35 mm。实验结果验证了导向磁体的有效性,展现出平板式永磁电动悬浮系统较强的载重能力。A flat-type permanent magnet electromagnetic suspension system(PM EDS)integrated with a car is proposed,and a proof-of-principle prototype,along with a 50-m long test guideway made of copper,is developed.Initially,a new topology structure is introduced,encompassing levitation magnets,guidance magnets,suspension frame,and a gap adjustment mechanism.In this design,the car utilizes car’s engine and run-up wheels to provide various initial speeds during take-off,thereby reducing the excessive cost associated with the linear motor.The levitation magnets are utilized to counteract the vehicle weight,while the guidance magnets enhance lateral stability.Furthermore,the PM EDS system undergoes experimental treatment under fixed parameters using a high-speed test rig with a diameter of 2500 mm and a maximum design speed of 600 km/h.Through equivalent experiments,the levitation,guidance,and drag forces are tested under increasing speeds ranging from 0 to 260 km/h.Reciprocating motions are used toconfirmthe vertical self-stability ability of PM EDS system.The results reveal that the levitation force is highly dependent on the levitation gap,and it is necessary to design a reasonable levitation gap according to the load demand.An excessive or too small levitation gap can trigger or exacerbate vertical instability.Subsequently,the entire system is designed and studied using three-dimensional finite element analysis(FEA),and its accuracy is verified by measurement results under identical parameters.Based on the levitation-weight-ratio(LWR)and the levitation-drag-ratio(LDR),the detailed parameters of the levitation magnets and the conductive plate are determined.Especially,as the thickness of the conductive plate increases,the levitation force initially increases then decreases,and ultimately stabilizes at a stationary value.The saturation thickness closely aligns with the skin depth dependent on the speed.The levitation force exhibits an initial increase followed by a stable value as the width of the conductive plate increase

关 键 词：永磁电动悬浮 等效实验 原理样机 高速实验台 导向磁体 

分 类 号：TM154.2[电气工程—电工理论与新技术]