马克思对资本原始积累的回溯与分析  

Marx's Retrospection and Analysis of the Primitive Accumulation of Capital

作　　者：张晓芳 陈家驹[2] ZHANG Xiaofang;CHEN Jiaju

机构地区：[1]南开大学,天津300350 [2]天津师范大学,天津300387

出　　处：《湖南广播电视大学学报》2023年第4期12-17,共6页Journal of Hunan Radio and Television University

基　　金：天津市研究生科研创新项目“英美马克思主义学界关于资本主义起源问题的三次论争评述”(2021YJSB065);天津师范大学深入学习阐释党的二十大精神专题项目“‘算力时代’中国式现代化的实现路径研究”(52WT2243)。

摘　　要：马克思的资本原始积累理论是在以英国为对象进行回溯式历史考察的基础上形成的,是马克思研究资本主义社会与前资本主义社会关系的重要成果。从资本主义起源看,作为资本的“史前阶段”,资本原始积累不仅在积累时间和手段上具有明显的原始性,其积累过程也迥异于一般的资本积累。总体而论,劳动者与劳动资料相分离和资本家对自由劳动力的购买构成了整个原始积累的过程。资本原始积累过程使社会生产的主体即劳动者以及劳动者所处的社会发生了彻底的转型,这种转型对于劳动者来说是殉难史的开启,也是劳动异化的开始;对于整个社会来说是生产方式从封建主义向资本主义的彻底转型。Marx's theory of primitive accumulation of capital is formed on the basis of retrospective historical investigation with Britain as the object,and is an important achievement of Marx's research on the relationship between capitalist society and pre-capitalist society.From the perspective of the origin of capitalism,as the “prehistoric stage” of capital,the original accumulation of capital is not only obvious in the accumulation of time and means,but its accumulation process is also different from its general capital accumulation.In general,the separation of the laborer from the means of Labour and the purchase of free labour-power by the capitalist constitute the whole process of primitive accumulation.The process of primitive accumulation of capital makes the subject of social production,the laborer,and the society in which the laborer lives undergo a thorough transformation.For the laborer,this transformation is the beginning of the “martyrdom history” of the laborer,and also the beginning of the “alienation” of labor.For society as a whole,it was a complete transformation of the mode of production from feudalism to capitalism.

关 键 词：马克思 资本 原始积累 

分 类 号：F091[经济管理—政治经济学]