森林脑炎的病原学诊断方法及研究进展  

Etiological diagnostic methods and research progress of forest encephalitis

作　　者：石冬梅 宋莉 王吉 Shi Dongmei;Song Li;Wang Ji(Department of Occupational Poisoning,Heilongjiang Institute of Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases,Harbin 150028,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省劳动卫生职业病研究院职业中毒科,哈尔滨150028

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2024年第2期152-155,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所项目(20210304);黑龙江省卫生健康委科研课题(2019-183)。

摘　　要：森林脑炎是经硬蜱叮咬传播的自然疫源性疾病,其病原为黄病毒科中蜱传脑炎病毒。森林脑炎病死率较高,实验室检测对此病诊断有重要意义。本文对森林脑炎的病原学诊断方法及研究新进展进行阐述。森林脑炎实验室检测主要为常规检查、血清学检测、病毒分离、分子生物学检测。森林脑炎病毒血清特异性IgM抗体对早期诊断有重要价值,特异性IgG抗体可作为与其他疾病鉴别的"金标准"。酶联免疫吸附试验或间接免疫荧光法测血清和/或脑脊液中特异性IgM抗体,血清血凝抑制试验或血清补体结合试验,双份血清血凝抑制试验或补体结合试验均有助于早期诊断。分子技术检测方法发展迅速,代谢组学、数字PCR、基质金属蛋白酶亦应用于森林脑炎的早期诊断。Forest encephalitis is a natural focal disease transmitted through the bite of hard ticks,and its pathogen is the tick-borne encephalitis virus from the Flaviviridae family.The mortality rate of forest encephalitis is relatively high,making laboratory testing significant in diagnosing this disease.This article elaborates on the etiological diagnostic methods and recent research progress in forest encephalitis.Laboratory tests for forest encephalitis mainly include routine examinations,serological tests,virus isolation,and molecular biological testing.The detection of serum-specific IgM antibodies against the forest encephalitis virus is of great importance for early diagnosis,and specific IgG antibodies serve as a"gold standard"for differentiation from other diseases.Techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)or indirect immunofluorescence assay for detecting specific IgM antibodies in serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid,the serum hemagglutination inhibition test or serum complement fixation test,and the double serum hemagglutination inhibition test or complement fixation test all contribute to the early diagnosis.The development of molecular testing methods is rapid,and techniques such as metabolomics,digital PCR,and matrix metalloproteinases are also applied in the early diagnosis of forest encephalitis.

关 键 词：脑炎 蜱传 森林脑炎 血清学检测 分子生物学检测 代谢组学 数字PCR 基质金属蛋白酶 

分 类 号：R512.34[医药卫生—内科学]