不同密度水平对塔额盆地红花产量及植株性状的影响  

Effects of Different Density Levels on Safflower Yield and Plant Traits in Taer Basin

作　　者：王贺亚 艾海峰 李怀胜 孟玲 王斌 罗静静 WANG He-ya;AI Hai-feng;LI Huai-sheng(Agricultural Science Institute(Institute of Animal Science)of the Ninth Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Tacheng,Xinjiang 834600)

机构地区：[1]新疆生产建设兵团第九师农业科学研究所(畜牧科学研究所),新疆塔城834600

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2024年第5期54-56,62,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：兵团科技特派项目“塔额地区药油兼用型红花原种生产示范与应用”(2021CB063)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究塔额盆地红花种植密度对产量及植株性状的影响,以期获得最佳种植密度,为塔额盆地红花种植提供科学的理论依据。[方法]采用单因素密度梯度试验,3次重复,12个小区,小区净面积14 m^(2),走道50 cm;设置4个密度处理:M1(400 020株/hm^(2))处理,株行距(25+10)cm;M2(333 350株/hm^(2))处理,株行距(30+10)cm;M3(250 770株/hm^(2))处理,株行距(40+10)cm;M4(200 910株/hm^(2))处理,株行距(50+10)cm。[结果]不同密度水平显著影响花丝及籽粒产量,均表现为随着密度增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,均以M2处理产量最高,分别为272.25、2 295.9 kg/hm^(2),且明显高于其他密度处理,4个处理产量均表现为M2>M1>M3>M4。说明适宜的密度可以获得最优的花丝及籽粒产量;不同处理的农艺性状存在较大的标准差和变异系数,变异系数在2.94%~53.04%,其中二级分枝变异系数最大为53.04%,分枝高变异系数为25.64%,单株果球数变异系数为11.34%;一级分枝和单株果球数趋势相同,表现为先增加后减少的趋势,且均以M2处理最大,分别为10.0和12.8个;红花的鲜重和干重在各处理间均表现随着密度增加呈降低的趋势,且以开花期各处理红花鲜重、干物质达到峰值。[结论]塔额盆地红花种植的最佳密度处理为M2,花丝和籽粒产量达到最优,分别为272.25、2 295.9 kg/hm^(2)。产量构成因子一级分枝和单株果球数表现最优,分别为10.0和12.8个。综上得出最优密度处理为M2(333 350株/hm^(2)),能转化为较好的经济效益,更适宜塔额盆地红花种植的推广,为塔额盆地红花高产栽培技术提供科学的理论基础。[Objective]To explore the effect of safflower planting density on yield and plant traits in Taer Basin,in order to obtain the optimal planting density of sunflower and provide a scientific theoretical basis for safflower planting in Taer Basin.[Method]Univariate density gradient test was adopted,three replicates,12 cells,net area of 14 m^(2),walkway 50 cm;Set 4 density treatments:M 1(400020 plants/hm^(2))treatment,plant row spacing(25+10)cm;M 2(333350 plants/hm^(2))treatment,plant row spacing(30+10)cm;M 3(250770 plants/hm^(2))treatment,plant row spacing(40+10)cm;M 4(200910 plants/hm^(2))treatment,plant row spacing(50+10)cm.[Result]Different density levels significantly affected the yield of filigree and grain,and all showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of density,and the yield of M 2 treatment was the highest,which was 272.25 and 2295.9 kg/hm^(2),respectively,and significantly higher than that of other density treatments,and the yields of all four treatments were M 2>M 1>M 3>M 4.It was shown that the optimal filament and grain yield could be obtained with suitable density;There were large standard deviations and variation indices for agronomic traits with different treatments,and the variation index ranged from^(2).94%to 53.04%,among which the maximum coefficient of variation of secondary branching was 53.04%,the high variation index of branching was 25.64%,and the variation index of the number of fruit balls per plant was 11.34%.The number of primary branches and fruit balls per plant had the same trend,showing the trend of not increasing first and then decreasing,and the largest number of safflower was treated with M 2,10.0 and 12.8,respectively,and the fresh weight and dry weight of safflower showed a decreasing trend with the increase of density between treatments,and the fresh weight and dry matter of safflower in each treatment reached the peak at the flowering stage.[Conclusion]The experimental results show that the optimal density treatment for safflower planting in Ta

关 键 词：密度 红花 产量 植株性状 

分 类 号：S567.21[农业科学—中草药栽培]