干旱区不同施肥处理对“北冰红”产量的影响  

Effect of Different Fertilization Treatments on the Yield of‘Beibinghong’in Arid Area

作　　者：马勇 潘越[2] 韩政伟[2] 王季姣 王世伟[1] MA Yong;PAN Yue;HAN Zheng-wei(College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052;Institute of Landscaping,Xinjiang Academy of Forestry,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830000)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆林业科学院园林绿化研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2024年第5期181-184,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区林果种质资源创新项目(LGXY202107);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2020B01003-1)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究氮、磷、钾不同施肥处理对“北冰红”产量的影响,为指导南疆干旱区“北冰红”科学施肥提供理论依据。[方法]采用“3414”田间施肥效应试验,研究氮、磷、钾不同施肥配比对“北冰红”产量的影响。[结果]N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)产量最高,较CK提升了372.336%,缺氮(N0P2K_(2))、缺磷(N2P0K_(2))和缺钾(N_(2)P_(2)K0)较CK产量提升了97.848%、287.090%、195.902%;占N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)产量的41.887%、81.952%、62.646%。三元二次及一元二次肥效方程相关系数为0.960、0.948、0.975、0.925。基于三元二次肥效方程得出的最佳施肥量为1∶0.442∶1.169,此时N、P、K的施用量分别为93.568、41.364、109.355 kg/hm^(2);基于一元二次肥效方程得出的最佳施肥量为1∶0.750∶1.03,此时N、P、K的施用量分别为88.306、66.192、91.034 kg/hm^(2)。[结论]氮磷钾肥配施可以明显增加“北冰红”产量,其中,氮肥对产量的影响最大,钾肥次之,磷肥最小,肥料之间存在协同效应。N、K_(2)O含量与产量的三元二次肥效方程的拟合程度较好(R^(2)值均较大),并均达显著水平。2种拟合方程计算所得结果相近,为达到培肥土壤和高产的目的,采用三元二次肥效方程拟合的最佳施肥量作为“北冰红”试验地施肥的标准用量。[Objective]To research the effects of different fertilizer treatments of N,P and K on the yield of‘Beibinghong’,and to provide a theoretical basis for guiding the scientific fertilization of‘Beibinghong’in the arid area of South Xinjiang.[Method]The“3414”field fertilizer effect test was used to study the effect of different fertilization ratios of N,P and K on the yield of‘Beibinghong’.[Result]N_(2)P_(2)K_(2) yield was the highest with 372.336%improvement over CK,and N deficiency(N 0P 2K_(2)),P deficiency(N 2P 0K_(2)),and K deficiency(N_(2)P_(2)K 0)improved 97.848%,287.090%and 195.902%over CK;41.887%,81.952%and 62.646%over N_(2)P_(2)K_(2).The correlation coefficient of the ternary-quadratic and quadratic fertilizer efficiency equations are 0.960,0.948,0.975,and 0.925.The optimum fertilizer application rate based on the ternary-quadratic fertilizer efficiency equation was 1∶0.442∶1.169,where the application rates of N,P and K were 93.568,41.364 and 109.355 kg/hm^(2),respectively;The optimum fertilizer rate based on the quadratic equation with one unknown was 1∶0.750∶1.031,at which point the N,P and K application rates were 88.306,66.192 and 91.034 kg/hm^(2),respectively.[Conclusion]The combination of NPK can significantly increase the yield of‘Beibinghong’,with nitrogen having the greatest effect on yield,followed by potassium and phosphorus the least,with synergistic effect between fertilizers.The ternary quadratic fertilizer efficiency equations for N and K_(2)O content and yield were well fitted(R^(2) values were relatively high)and all reached a significant level.The obtained results based on the two kinds of fitted equations were close.Taking into account both high yield and fertilized soil,the recommended nutrient application amount fitted by the ternary quadratic effect equation was used as the standard for fertilization in‘Beibinghong’test field.

关 键 词：“北冰红” “3414”试验 产量 肥料效应方程 最佳施肥量 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]