二次翻耕起垄与稻草还田对土壤养分和烟叶产质量的影响  

Effects of Double Ridge Tillage Combined with Straw Returning on Soil Nutrients and Tobacco Yield and Quality

作　　者：曾祥难[1] 袁彩云 李思 杨祝军[1] 欧义 刘永斌 彭博 余育光 范鹏 张赛 蔺万煌[2] 韦建玉[1] ZENG Xiangnan;YUAN Caiyun;LI Si;YANG Zhujun;OU Yi;LIU Yongbin;PENG Bo;YU Yuguang;FAN Peng;ZHANG Sai;LIN Wanhuang;WEI Jianyu(China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530001,Guangxi,China;College of Bioscience and Biotechnology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,Hunan,China;Chenzhou Branch of Hunan Provincial Tobacco Company,Chenzhou 423000,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]广西中烟工业有限责任公司,中国广西南宁530001 [2]湖南农业大学生物科学技术学院,中国湖南长沙410128 [3]湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司,中国湖南郴州423000

出　　处：《生命科学研究》2024年第1期56-64,共9页Life Science Research

基　　金：广西中烟工业有限责任公司项目“宜章植烟土壤肥力调控关键技术研究与应用”(2021450000340025)。

摘　　要：为探讨二次翻耕起垄与稻草还田两种栽培措施及其相互作用对土壤养分和烟叶产质量的影响,以烤烟品种K326为试验材料,按照两种不同翻耕起垄方式(一次性翻耕起垄和先翻耕晒垡再二次翻耕起垄)与是否稻草还田进行随机区组设计,在湖南宜章县烤烟种植区进行田间试验,分析比较各处理间的土壤养分和烟叶产质量差异。结果表明,与一次性翻耕起垄(T1+T2)和无稻草还田(T1+T3)相比,二次翻耕起垄(T3+T4)和稻草还田(T2+T4)能显著增加土壤有机质含量,提高烟叶糖碱比、氮碱比以及烟叶产量、产值和生产效益,并且两者表现出显著的相互作用;此外,二次翻耕起垄还能显著提高烟叶总糖和还原糖含量,并显著降低烟碱含量,使得糖碱比和氮碱比更趋合理。在感官评吸方面,稻草还田能显著提高烟叶感官评吸质量。从生产效益上分析,由于二次翻耕增加了生产成本,对于基础地力较好的砂质土壤,开展一次性翻耕起垄结合稻草还田可获得更好的经济效益。研究结果为湖南烟稻轮作区烤烟种植提供了科学参考依据。To explore the effects of two cultivation measures of double ridge tillage and straw returning as well as their interaction on soil nutrients and tobacco yield and quality,the flue-cured tobacco variety K326 was used as the experimental material,and a field trial with randomized block design was conducted in a flue-cured tobacco planting area in Yizhang County,Hunan Province,based on two kinds of ridge tillage methods(one is one-time ridge tillage,and the other is the first ridge tillage followed by soil exposure to sunlight,and then the second ridge tillage)and whether rice straw returns to field or not.The results showed that,compared with one-time ridge tillage(T1+T2)and no straw returning(T1+T3),the double ridge tillage(T3+T4)and straw returning(T2+T4)significantly increased soil organic matter content,and improved the sugar-nicotine and nitrogen-nicotine ratios of tobacco leaves as well as the tobacco yield,output value and productivity.The positive interaction between double ridge tillage and straw returning was significant.In addition,the double ridge tillage also significantly raised the total sugar and reducing sugar contents of tobacco leaves,and significantly lowered the nicotine content,leading to more suitable sugar-nicotine and nitrogennicotine ratios.In terms of sensory evaluation,rice straw returning could significantly improve the sensory quality of tobacco leaves.Due to a higher production cost resulted from double ridge tillage,for the sandy soil with good basic fertility,one-time ridge tillage combined with rice straw returning could achieve better economic returns.The study provides scientific evidence for better cultivation of flue-cured tobacco in tobacco-rice rotation areas in Hunan Province.

关 键 词：耕作方式 稻草还田 土壤养分 烤烟 产量与质量 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学] S572[农业科学—烟草工业]