1974—2020年大兴安岭北部多年冻土区积雪变化及其与地面、空气温度的关系  

Accumulated snow variation of the northern Da Hinggan Mountains permafrost area and its relations with ground surface and air temperature in 1974—2020

作　　者：宝乐尔其木格 张秋良[1,2] 郝帅 Baoleerqimuge;Zhang Qiuliang;Hao Shuai(Forestry College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,Inner Mongolia,China;National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Greater Khingan Forest Ecosystem Genhe,Genhe 022350,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学林学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古大兴安岭森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,内蒙古根河022350

出　　处：《地理科学》2024年第1期159-167,共9页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32060262);内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目(NJZY20042);内蒙古农业大学2015年高层次引进人才科研启动基金(YJ2015-2);内蒙古农业大学林学院青年教师科研基金项目(DC2000001013)资助。

摘　　要：基于大兴安岭北部多年冻土区5个气象站1974—2020年逐日气温、地面温度、积雪深度资料,利用气象统计方法分析了积雪气候特征及长期变化、积雪物候变化及积雪对温度的影响,结果表明:大兴安岭北部冻土区积雪深度年内变化呈单峰型,积雪深度最大出现在2月,平均17.9 cm,年积雪日数为161.5 d,积雪日数和积雪深度最大月份不重合。年均积雪深度为10.6 cm,最大积雪深度平均为22.6 cm,近47 a年均积雪深度呈弱的上升趋势。积雪初日显著推迟,终日显著提前,使得积雪持续日数明显缩短。研究区年均积雪深度和冷季地面−雪面温差呈较好的正相关,年最大积雪深度和冷季地面−雪面温差亦呈较好的正相关,积雪深度越大其对地面的隔热作用越大,年均积雪深度每增加1 cm,地面−雪面温差升高0.4211℃,年最大积雪深度每增加1 cm,地面−雪面温差升高0.2889℃,年均积雪深度对冷季地面−雪面温差的影响更大。Based on the daily snow depth,ground surface temperature and air temperature data from 5 meteorological stations in the northern Da Hinggan Mountains Permafrost Area,statistical methods were used to analyze the long term change of snow depth and snow phenology,in addition,the thermal effect of accumulated snow was analyzed by means of correlationship between cold season ground-snow surface temperature difference and snow depth.Results shows that,the long term mean monthly snow depth shows single peak pattern in a year,the maximum snow depth is 17.9 cm,seen in February.Long term mean annual snow day number is 161.5 d,the maximum snow depth and snow day number occurred in different months.Long term mean annual and maximum snow depth snow depths are 10.6 cm and 22.6 cm respectively.The annual snow depth shows slight increasing trend(statistically significant).Concerning snow phenology,the starting day delays and ending day advances in recent 47 a,causing the lasting day of snow shortened accordingly.Annual mean and maximum snow depth shows apparent positive correlation with cold season ground-snow surface temperature difference,showing increasing heat insulation effect with increasing snow depth.The cold season ground-snow surface temperature difference increases 0.4211℃with 1 cm increase of annual mean snow depth and 0.2889℃for annual maximum snow depth,the heat insulation effect of annual mean snow depth is greater than annual maximum snow depth.

关 键 词：大兴安岭北部 多年冻土区 积雪物候 地面−雪面温差 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]