2013—2022年北京市突发地质灾害事件分布、成因及对策  

The distribution,causes and countermeasures of sudden geological disasters events in Beijing from 2013 to 2022

作　　者：罗守敬 LUO Shoujing(Beijing Institute of Geological Hazard Prevention,Beijing 100120)

机构地区：[1]北京市地质灾害防治研究所,北京100120

出　　处：《中国防汛抗旱》2024年第2期56-62,67,共8页China Flood & Drought Management

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金资助项目(8202026)。

摘　　要：北京市现有突发地质灾害隐患点8 186处,严重威胁人民群众生命财产安全,制约着社会经济的发展。由于地质灾害具有突发性、隐蔽性等特点,已成为防灾减灾工作的难点和重点。近年来,地质灾害的发生受极端天气影响,为落实综合防灾减灾体系要求,减轻地质灾害危害,搜集整理了2013—2022年北京市发生的崩塌、滑坡、泥石流及地面塌陷4种突发地质灾害事件作为研究对象,通过数理统计,从时间、空间2个维度分别细化研究分析地质灾害的分布格局,总结出降雨、不合理人类工程活动是地质灾害发生的两大诱发因素,并提出“提高调查精度、开展早期识别、充分发挥群测群防作用、完善斜坡类灾害专业监测及做好地质灾害趋势预测”5个方面针对性防治对策。There are currently 8186 hidden danger points for sudden geological disasters in Beijing,which seriously threaten the safety of people's lives and property,and constrain the development of the social economy.Due to the sudden and hidden nature of geological disasters,they have become difficult and key points in disaster prevention and reduction work.In recent years,the occurrence of geological disasters is affected by extreme weather.In order to implement the requirements of the comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction system and reduce the harm of geological disasters,this paper collects and collates four kinds of sudden geological disasters such as collapse,landslide,debris flow and ground collapse,which occurred in Beijing from 2013 to 2022.Through mathematical statistics,the distribution pattern of geological disasters is studied and analyzed in detail from the two dimensions of time and space.On this basis,the two major triggering factors of geological disasters,namely rainfall and unreasonable human engineering activities,were discussed and analyzed.Targeted prevention and control measures were proposed from five aspects:improving survey accuracy,conducting early identification,fully exerting the role of mass measurement and prevention,improving professional monitoring of slope disasters,and doing a good job in predicting geological disaster trends.

关 键 词：突发地质灾害 分布格局 危害特征 诱发因素 防治对策 北京市 

分 类 号：P694[天文地球—地质学]