碳中和背景下我国低碳炼铁技术发展现状与前景  

Development status and prospect of Chinese low-carbon ironmaking technology under carbon neutrality background

作　　者：潘钊彬[1] PAN Zhaobin(WISDRI Engineering&Research Incorporation Limited,Wuhan 430223,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]中冶南方工程技术有限公司,湖北武汉430223

出　　处：《烧结球团》2024年第1期35-41,共7页Sintering and Pelletizing

摘　　要：我国钢铁生产工艺长期以“高炉—转炉”长流程为主,能源结构高碳化特征明显。作为钢铁流程中的碳排放大户,炼铁系统深度减碳成为我国钢铁行业实现碳中和目标的关键。本文分别从高炉炼铁和非高炉炼铁两个角度出发,梳理总结了各主要低碳炼铁工艺技术的研究进展和主要问题,并对其应用前景进行了展望。我国钢铁工业应把技术创新作为降碳的核心要素,结合行业发展趋势和自身特点,加大力度开发适合我国国情的低碳炼铁新技术;综合考虑资产保值、技术成熟程度和降碳潜力,短期内应以基于现有高炉工艺的深度脱碳技术创新为主要方向,从而为远期零碳钢铁的发展提供过渡方案和缓冲空间;中长期以富氢气基竖炉直接还原技术为发展重点,不断提升其技术成熟度和经济适用性,逐步提高氢气比例直至全氢冶炼;氢基熔融还原技术和电解还原铁技术的发展任重道远,未来有望成为实现我国钢铁行业碳中和目标的解决方案之一。China’s iron and steel production process has been dominated by the long process of“blast furnace-converter”for a long time with obviously high-carbon characteristics of energy structure.As a major carbon emission in the iron and steel process,deep carbon reduction in the ironmaking system has become the key to achieving the goal of carbon neutrality in China’s iron and steel industry.The research progress and main problems of the main low-carbon ironmaking technologies are summarized from such two perspectives as blast furnace ironmaking and non-blast furnace ironmaking,and their application prospects are prospected.China should take technological innovation as the core element of carbon reduction in the iron and steel industry,combine the development trend of the industry and its own characteristics,and increase efforts to develop new low-carbon ironmaking technologies suitable for China’s national conditions.Considering asset preservation,technology maturity and carbon reduction potential,deep decarbonization technology innovation based on existing blast furnace processes should be the main direction in the short term,so as to provide a transitional plan and buffer space for the development of zero-carbon iron and steel in the long term.In the medium and long term,the direct reduction technology development of hydrogen-rich shaft furnace will be the focus,and its technical maturity and economic applicability will be continuously improved,and the proportion of hydrogen will be gradually increased until full hydrogen smelting.The development of hydrogen-based smelting reduction technology and electrolytic reduced iron technology still has a long way to go,and it is expected to become one of the solutions to achieve the carbon neutrality goal of China’s iron and steel industry in the future.

关 键 词：碳中和 低碳炼铁 高炉 直接还原 熔融还原 

分 类 号：TF5[冶金工程—钢铁冶金] X701.7[环境科学与工程—环境工程]