我国大倾角煤层开采技术变革与展望  

Reform and prospects of mining technology for large inclined coal seam in China

作　　者：伍永平[1,2] 郎丁[1,2] 贠东风[1,2] 解盘石[1,2] 王红伟[1,2] 高喜才[1,2] 罗生虎 曾佑富[1,2] 吕文玉[1,2] 张艳丽[1,2] 胡博胜[1,2] 皇甫靖宇[1,2] 周邦远 黄国春 王丽 李俊明 刘斌[8] WU Yongping;LANG Ding;YUN Dongfeng;XIE Panshi;WANG Hongwei;GAO Xicai;LUOShenghu;ZENG Youfu;LYU Wenyu;ZHANG Yanli;HU Bosheng;HUANGFU Jingyu;ZHOU Bangyuan;HUANG Guochun;WANG Li;LI Junming;LIU Bin(College of Energy Science and Engineering,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;Key Laboratory of Western Mine Exploitation and Hazard Prevention Ministry of Education,Xi'an 710054,China;College of Sciences,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;Lyushuidong Coal Mine,Sichuan Province Huayingshan Coal Industry Co.,Ltd.,Huaying 638600,China;Xinjiang Coking Coal Group Co.,Ltd.,Urumuqi 830025,China;Sichuan Huayingshan Guangneng Group Co.,Ltd.,Guangan 638600,China;Wangjiashan Coal Mine Branch,Gansu Jingmei Energy Co.,Ltd.,Baiyin 730917,China;Dongxia Coal Mine,Gansu Huating Coal and Power Co.,Ltd.,Huating 744100,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学能源学院,陕西西安710054 [2]教育部西部矿井开采及灾害防治重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [3]西安科技大学理学院,陕西西安710054 [4]四川省华蓥山煤业股份有限公司绿水洞煤矿,四川华蓥638600 [5]新疆焦煤(集团)有限责任公司,新疆乌鲁木齐830025 [6]四川华蓥山广能集团嘉华机械有限责任公司,四川广安638600 [7]甘肃靖煤能源有限公司王家山煤矿分公司,甘肃白银730900 [8]甘肃华亭煤电股份有限公司东峡煤矿,甘肃华亭744100

出　　处：《煤炭科学技术》2024年第1期25-51,共27页Coal Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(51634007);国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(52274137);陕西省杰出青年科学基金资助项目(2023-JC-JQ-42)。

摘　　要：大倾角煤层是我国煤炭资源的主要赋存样式之一。在地域分布上呈现出广泛性与区域性,据不完全统计,全国25个省、自治区、直辖市均涉及该类煤层开采,在中西部地区储量丰富、产量大、生产集中程度高。在赋存条件上呈现出多样性与复杂性,不同区域成煤时期不一,构造控煤过程迥异,形成了多样且复杂的开采条件,催生了不同的开采技术要求。大倾角煤层开采的技术难度大。煤层倾角导致采场围岩运动破坏呈现非对称性显现特征,支护系统稳定性控制与“三机”配套与协同、采准巷道布置与支护、工作面“人-机”环境安全保障等工作的难度显著加剧,严重制约了矿井安全高效开采。大倾角煤层开采的区域经济需求强,该类煤层赋存与生产较集中的区域多见以煤炭工业为主的资源型城市,经济结构相对单一,煤炭资源安全高效开发利用对区域能源保供、民生保障、经济保稳具有兜底作用。长期以来,大倾角煤层开采技术变革聚焦于解决“难”与“需”的矛盾,在采煤方法与工艺、岩层控制理论与技术、成套装备研制与应用3个方面不断完善、创新、发展,实现了由非机械化向机械化开采的转变,安全产效水平大幅提升,人员劳动强度大幅下降,作业环境显著改善。20世纪90年代中期,川煤集团绿水洞煤矿首次成功实现了大倾角中厚煤层长壁综采,冲破了大倾角煤层机械化开采技术“禁区”。在此示范作用下,大倾角厚煤层长壁综放开采、大采高综采、薄煤层伪俯斜长壁综采三项首创性工程实践先后取得成功。这一过程中创新了工作面非线性限位布置与调斜方式,确立了“支架-围岩”系统稳定性多维交互控制模式,研发了工作面成套装备,取得良好收效,综合机械化开采技术适用范围进一步拓宽。与此同时,大倾角煤层开采仍存在许多亟待突破的关键科学问题The steeply dipping coal seam is one of the main forms of coal storage in China.It is widely and regionally distributed.Accord-ing to incomplete statistics,twenty-six provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government are in-volved in the mining of such coal seams,with abundant reserves,large production and high production concentration in the central and western regions.It shows diversity and complexity in terms of the conditions of existence,with different regions having different coal formation periods and different tectonic control processes,forming diverse and complex mining conditions and giving rise to different mining technology requirements.The mining of steeply dipping coal seam is technically difficult.The asymmetry of the movement and damage of the peripheral rock in the mining area affected by the inclination angle of the coal seam is obvious,and the difficulty of the sta-bility control of the support system and equipment,the matching and coordination of the“three machines”,the layout and support of the mining roadway,and the safety guarantee of the“human-machine”environment at the working face has increased significantly,which ser-iously restricts the safe and efficient mining of the mine.This has seriously restricted the improvement of safe and efficient mining.The re-gional economic demand for the mining of steeply dipping coal seam is strong.This kind of coal seams and the production of more con-centrated areas are mostly seen in the coal industry-based resource cities,the economic structure is relatively single,the safe and efficient development and utilization of coal resources for the regional energy supply,people’s livelihood,economic stability has the role of the bot-tom of the pocket,the demand is urgent.For a long time,mining technologies for the steeply dipping coal seam changes focus on solving the“difficult”and“need”contradiction.In the coal mining methods and techniques,strata control theory and technology,complete sets of equipment

关 键 词：大倾角煤层 机械化开采 岩层控制 技术变革 

分 类 号：TD853[矿业工程—金属矿开采]