沼液不同施用量对水芹生长发育与田面水氮素排放的影响  

Effects of Different Application Rates of Biogas on the Growth and Development of Oenanthe javanica and Nitrogen Discharge from Field Water

作　　者：于孟康 赵莉[2,3] 于建光[2,3] YU Mengkang;ZHAO Li;YU Jianguang(College of Resources and Environment,Henan University of Science and Technology/Henan Engineering Research Center of Bio-Pharmaceutical Fertilizer R&D and Collaborative Application,Xinxiang,Henan 453003;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210014;College of Resources and Environmental Science,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技学院资源与环境学院/河南省生物药肥研发与协同应用工程研究中心,河南新乡453003 [2]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室,江苏南京210014 [3]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2024年第2期29-35,共7页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“流域农业面源污染最佳治理技术模式研究及示范”(2021YFC3201503)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明沼液不同施用量对水芹生长发育与田面水氮素排放的影响,筛选适宜的沼液量与化肥配比,为化肥减量和沼液的资源化利用提供参考。【方法】以宜兴实心芹为研究对象,采用盆栽试验,研究不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(N_(0))、沼液50%替代化肥(N_(50))和沼液100%替代化肥(N_(100))对水芹生长发育、田面水总氮和铵态氮浓度及氮素利用率的影响。【结果】不同施肥处理水芹的生长状况、营养品质、田面水的总氮和铵态氮浓度及氮素利用率不同。沼液50%替代化肥处理可显著提高水芹茎鲜重、叶鲜重、地上部鲜重和株高,分别为46.68 g/Pot、16.20 g/Pot、64.23 g/Pot和49.53 cm;增加茎部和叶部的总叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、维生素C含量,分别为0.21 mg/g FW、0.03 mg/g FW、2.61 mg/100g FW和2.02 mg/g FW、0.31 mg/g FW、28.08 mg/100g FW;硝酸盐含量较常规施肥处理分别显著降低30.52%和48.77%;同时降低了水芹田面水总氮和铵态氮浓度,经2次追肥后分别在11 d和23 d达峰值,为113.14 mg/L和38.49 mg/L;氮肥偏生产力和农学效率均达最大,分别为53.53 kg/kg和12.37 kg/kg。【结论】采用沼液50%替代化肥施用有利于促进水芹生长,提高营养品质,同时降低由降雨等引发的氮素排放风险,可在水芹种植上推广应用。【Objective】The effects of different application rates of biogas on the growth and development of Oenanthe javanica and nitrogen emission from field water were studied,so as to screen the appropriate ratio of biogas and fertilizer,and to provide reference for the reduction of chemical fertilizers and the resource utilization of biogas.【Method】Yixing Shixinqin was used as the research object,and a potting experiment was conducted to study the effects of no fertilizer(CK),conventional fertilizer(N_(0)),50%replacement of chemical fertilizer by biogas(N_(50))and 100%replacement of chemical fertilizer by biogas(N_(100))on the growth and development of O.javanica,the concentration of total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the field water,and the nitrogen utilization rate.【Result】The growth condition,nutritional quality,total nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen concentration in field water and nitrogen utilization rate of O.javanica were different with different fertilization treatments.The treatment of 50% replacement of chemical fertilizer by biogas significantly increased the stem fresh weight,leaf fresh weight,above-ground fresh weight and plant height of O.javanica,which were 46.68 g/Pot,16.20 g/Pot,64.23 g/Pot and 49.53 cm,respectively.Increment in total chlorophyll,carotenoids and vitamin C content in stem and leaf parts were 0.21 mg/g FW,0.03 mg/g FW,2.61 mg/100g FW and 2.02 mg/g FW,0.31 mg/g FW,28.08 mg/100g FW,respectively.Nitrate content was significantly reduced by 30.52% and 48.77%,respectively,compared with the conventional fertilization treatment.At the same time,total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen concentrations in O.javanica field water were reduced and peaked at 113.14 mg/L and 38.49 mg/L on the 11th and 23rd day,respectively,after two fertilizer applications.Partial factor productivity of nitrogen and agronomic efficiency were maximized at 53.53 kg/kg and 12.37 kg/kg,respectively.【Conclusion】The use of 50%alternative fertilizer treatment with biogas is conducive to promoting the growth of O.ja

关 键 词：水芹 沼液 氮肥 偏生产力 农学效率 

分 类 号：S645.9[农业科学—蔬菜学]