魔芋白绢病病原齐整小核菌(Sclerotium rolfsii)的生物学特性与室内毒力  

Biological Characteristics and Laboratory Toxicity of Sclerotium rolfsii,the Pathogen of Konjak Southern Blight

作　　者：张欣 曾宪浩 刘思睿 饶家瑞 罗林丽 赵兴丽 周玉锋 ZHANG Xin;ZENG Xianhao;LIU Sirui;RAO Jiarui;LUO Linli;ZHAO Xingli;ZHOU Yufeng(Guizhou Institute of Biotechnology,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Guizhou Province,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006;Guizhou Tea Research Institute,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省生物技术研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [2]贵州省农业生物技术重点实验室,贵州贵阳550006 [3]贵州省茶叶研究所,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2024年第2期44-55,共12页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目“贵州山区魔芋高效种植技术集成增效科技支撑行动计划”(黔科合服企[2019]4009),“贵州薯芋作物病害防控创新能力建设”(黔科合服企[2021]11);贵州省科技支撑计划项目“魔芋镰刀菌茎腐病的绿色防控技术研究与试验示范”(黔科合支撑[2021]一般208);贵州省农业科学院青年科技基金项目“魔芋茎腐病致病菌的GFP标记及其侵染观察”(黔农科院青年科技基金[2021]18)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明魔芋白绢病的病原微生物类型及其生物学特性,筛选高效杀菌剂,为魔芋白绢病田间综合防治措施的制订和实施提供理论依据。【方法】采用组织分离和土壤稀释法,对具有典型白绢病症状的魔芋植株和附近土壤进行病原分离和纯化,通过形态学和分子系统学鉴定病原菌;采用菌丝生长速率法探究病原的生物学特性和7种药剂(苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯、氟硅唑、戊唑醇、噻呋酰胺、烯唑醇及丙环唑)对其室内毒力。【结果】魔芋白绢病病原为齐整小核菌(Sclerotium rolfsii),其菌丝在OA和PDA培养基生长速度最快,培养3 d,菌落直径达7 cm,菌丝生长速率为2.33 cm/d;25~30℃为最适培养温度,培养3 d,菌落直径达7.2 cm,菌丝生长速率为2.48 cm/d;pH为5~7的偏弱酸环境有利于菌丝生长,生长速率最高达2.33 cm/d;氮源以蛋白胨、碳源以可溶性淀粉利于病原菌丝生长,生长速率分别为2.14 cm/d和2.43 cm/d,显著高于其他处理。戊唑醇、烯唑醇、噻呋酰胺、苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯和丙环唑对白绢病均具有很好的抑制作用,其中,戊唑醇的防效最好,EC_(50)为0.101 mg/L;其后依次为烯唑醇、噻呋酰胺、苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯和丙环唑,EC_(50)依次为0.165 mg/L、0.185 mg/L、1.026 mg/L、1.842 mg/L和2.112 mg/L。【结论】S.rolfsii为引起土传病害魔芋白绢病的病原,其适宜生长温度为25~30℃,弱酸和营养丰富的环境有利于病原菌丝生长,戊唑醇可有效抑制菌丝生长。【Objective】The microorganism type and biological characteristics of the pathogen causing southern blight of konjac were identified,and the highly effective fungicides were screened,so as to provide theoretical basis for planing and implementing the comprehensive field control measures for konjac southern blight.【Method】Tissue isolation and soil dilution methods were used to isolate and purify the pathogen from konjac plants with typical traits of southern blight and the surrounding soil respectively.Pathogens were identified through morphology and molecular systematics.The mycelial growth rate method was used to explore the biological characteristics of the pathogen and the indoor toxicity effected by seven pesticides(difenoconazole,pyraclostrobin,flusilazole,tebuconazole,thifluzamide,diniconazole and propiconazole).【Result】The pathogen of konjac southern blight was Sclerotium rolfsii,whose mycelium grew fastest in OA and PDA media.After three days of cultivation,the colony diameter reached 7 cm,and the mycelium growth rate was 2.33 cm/d.The optimal cultivation temperature was 25-30℃.After three days of cultivation,the colony diameter reached 7.2 cm and the mycelial growth rate was 2.48 cm/d.A weakly acidic environment with a pH of 5-7 was conducive to mycelial growth,with a maximum growth rate of 2.33 cm/d.Peptone as nitrogen source and soluble starch as carbon source were beneficial for the growth of pathogenic hyphae,with growth rates of 2.14 cm/d and 2.43 cm/d,respectively,significantly higher than other treatments.Tebuconazole,diniconazole,thifluzamide,difenoconazole,pyraclostrobin and propiconazole all had good inhibitory effects on pathogen.Among them,tebuconazole had the best preventive effect with an EC_(50) of 0.101 mg/L,followed by diniconazole,thifluzamide,difenoconazole,pyraclostrobin and propiconazole,with EC_(50) of 0.165 mg/L,0.185 mg/L,1.026 mg/L,1.842 mg/L,and 2.112 mg/L,respectively.【Conclusion】S.rolfsii is the pathogen that causes southern blight disease of konjac,with a suit

关 键 词：魔芋 齐整小核菌 药剂筛选 生物学特性 菌丝生长速率 室内毒力 

分 类 号：S632.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]