魔芋茎腐病病原的生物学特性及不同杀菌剂对病原菌的室内毒力  

Biological Characteristics of Konjac Stem Rot Pathogen and Its Laboratory Toxicity Effected by Different Fungicides

作　　者：刘思睿 赵兴丽 罗林丽 周玉锋 LIU Sirui;ZHAO Xingli;LUO Linli;ZHOU Yufeng(Guizhou Institute of Biotechnology,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Guizhou Province,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006;Guizhou Tea Research Institute,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省生物技术研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [2]贵州省农业生物技术重点实验室,贵州贵阳550006 [3]贵州省茶叶研究所,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2024年第2期56-63,共8页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目“魔芋镰刀菌茎腐病的绿色防控技术研究与试验示范”(黔科合支撑[2021]一般208);贵州省科技计划项目“贵州山区魔芋高效种植技术集成增效科技支撑行动计划”(黔科合服企[2019]4009),“贵州薯芋作物病害防控创新能力建设”(黔科合服企[2021]11);贵州省农业科学院青年科技基金项目“魔芋茎腐病致病菌的GFP标记及其侵染观察”(黔农科院青年科技基金[2021]18)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明魔芋茎腐病病原的生物学特性及不同杀菌剂对病原的室内毒力,为精准防控魔芋茎腐病提供理论依据。【方法】以魔芋茎腐病病原Fusarium solani为研究对象,采用菌丝生长速率法研究碳源、氮源、培养基及pH对其菌丝生长的影响,并通过室内毒力测定F.solani对75%肟菌·戊唑醇(WG)和400g/L氟硅唑(EC)等14种杀菌剂的敏感性。【结果】F.solani对果糖和硝酸钾利用率较高,菌丝生长速率分别为0.931 cm/d和0.914 cm/d;适合用OA或PDA作为基础培养基,菌丝生长速率分别为0.879 cm/d和0.817cm/d。F.solani最适p H为8,其菌丝生长速率为0.821 cm/d。病原菌丝在≥65℃温度下处理10 min后无生长活性。75%肟菌·戊唑醇(WG)和400 g/L氟硅唑(EC)对F.solani毒力较高,EC_(50)分别为0.8900μg/mL和1.0025μg/mL。【结论】F.solani利用率最高的碳源是果糖,氮源是硝酸钾,适合在OA或PDA中培养及弱碱性环境中生存,菌丝致死温度为65℃。肟菌·戊唑醇和氟硅唑对魔芋茎腐病防效较高。【Objective】The biological characteristics of the pathogens of konjac stem rot and its laboratory toxicity influenced by different fungicides were investigated,which provided theoretical basis for accurate prevention and control of konjac stem rot.【Method】Fusarium solani,a pathogen of konjac stem rot,was taken as the research object.The effects of carbon source,nitrogen source,medium and pH on the mycelial growth were studied by mycelial growth rate method,and the sensitivities of F.solani to 14 kinds of fungicides were determined by laboratory toxicity test.【Result】F.solani had a high utilization rate of fructose and potassium nitrate,and the growth rate of mycelium was 0.931 cm/d and 0.914 cm/d,respectively.OA or PDA were suitable as the basal medium,and the growth rate of mycelia was 0.879 cm/d and 0.817 cm/d,respectively.F.solani had an optimum pH of 8 and a mycelial growth rate of 0.821 cm/d.The pathogen mycelia showed no growth activity treated with temperatures≥65℃for 10 min.The EC_(50) of 75% trifloxystrobin·tebuconazole(WG)and 400 g/L flusilazole(EC)against F.solani were 0.8900μg/mL and 1.0025μg/mL,respectively.【Conclusion】The most utilized carbon source of F.solani is fructose,and the nitrogen source is potassium nitrate,which are both suitable for cultivation in OA or PDA and survival in weakly alkaline environment.The lethal temperature to mycelium is 65℃.Trifloxystrobin·tebuconazole and flusilazole have high-efficient prevention and control of konjac stem rot.

关 键 词：魔芋 魔芋茎腐病 腐皮镰刀菌 生物学特性 杀菌剂 菌丝生长速率 室内毒力 

分 类 号：S632.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]