鲍尔斯黄金薹草和奶油玉带草的叶片结构与生理特性研究  

Study on Leaf Structure and Physiological Characteristics of Carex riparia‘Bowles Golden’and Phalaris arundinacea var.picta

作　　者：许红娟 张朝君 杨澜 杜致辉 黄贵川 陈之林 XU Hongjuan;ZHANG Chaojun;YANG Lan;DU Zhihui;HUANG Guichuan;CHEN Zhilin(Guizhou Institute of Horticulture/Guizhou Research Center for Horticultural Engineering Technology,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006;Guiyang Home-way Floriculture Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省园艺研究所/贵州省园艺工程技术研究中心,贵州贵阳550006 [2]贵阳禾美花卉有限公司,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2024年第2期96-105,共10页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目“贵州观赏草优新品种鉴选栽培及产业化示范推广”(黔科合支撑[2020]1Y077号);贵州省科技厅项目“园艺植物基因库创制平台建设及利用”(黔科合服企[2022]005号)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明莎草科薹草属鲍尔斯黄金薹草(Carex riparia‘Bowles Golden’)和禾本科虉草属奶油玉带草(Phalaris arundinacea var.picta)2种观赏草叶片横切面解剖结构,为研究其在不同环境的适应机制及应用提供依据。【方法】利用LI-3000C叶面积仪测定观赏草形态指标,95%乙醇提取法测定其叶绿素,考马斯亮蓝法测定其蛋白浓度,采用试剂盒测定其丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)酶活性,石蜡切片法测定叶片解剖结构并进行分析。【结果】鲍尔斯黄金薹草与奶油玉带草在叶长、叶宽、株高形态上均存在显著差异(P<0.05),两者冠幅生长相近。叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量和MDA含量生理特性指标存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中,鲍尔斯黄金薹草MDA含量较奶油玉带草高80.92%,而两者SOD酶活性无显著差异(P>0.05)。叶片解剖结构参数存在显著差异(P<0.05),鲍尔斯黄金薹草叶横切面为大V字形,奶油玉带草呈扁宽U字形,鲍尔斯黄金薹草上下栅栏组织排列紧密,叶片紧密度(CTR)和栅栏系数(CP)比值较高,上下表皮角质层较厚,均有气孔分布;奶油玉带草含有较多的海绵薄壁组织,叶片疏松度(SR)值较高,叶肉细胞内气腔体积较小,叶肉含有叶绿体和白色体,与植物的叶表面绿白条纹及黄绿条纹相对应,维管束鞘细胞内层鞘细胞内切向壁加厚,外层细胞为大型薄壁细胞,内部无叶绿体,维管束鞘细胞两层,为典型的C3植物。【结论】鲍尔斯黄金薹草与奶油玉带草2种观赏草的叶形态特征、生理特性及解剖结构差异显著,鲍尔斯黄金薹草较奶油玉带草适应性更强,鲍尔斯黄金薹草能适应干旱环境和半湿生环境,且具有耐寒性,对热带和高寒草原有适应性;奶油玉带草能适应较耐阴环境,园林景观配置中可考虑种植在乔灌木下耐阴环境中。【Objective】It aimed to explore the cross-sectional anatomical structures of Carex riparia‘Bowles Golden’from Carex genus of the Cyperaceae family and Phalaris arundinacea var.picta from the Phalaris genus of the Gramineae family,which provided reference for research on their adaptive mechanism and application in different environments.【Method】Morphological indicators were measured using an LI-3000C leaf area meter;Chlorophyll was determined by the 95%ethanol extraction method;Protein concentration was determined by the Coomassie brilliant blue method;MDA content and SOD enzymatic activity was determined using assay kits and leaf anatomic structures were determined by the paraffin section method.【Result】C.riparia‘Bowles Golden’and P.arundinacea var.picta had significant morphological differences in leaf length,leaf width and plant height(P<0.05),but had similar crown growth.The two ornamental grasses showed significant differences in chlorophyll,soluble protein content and MDA content(P<0.05),among which MDA content in C.riparia‘Bowles Golden’was 80.92%higher than that in P.arundinacea var.picta,but no significant difference was found in SOD enzymatic activity.The significant differences were showed in leaf anatomic structural indicators(P<0.05).The leaf cross section of C.riparia‘Bowles Golden’showed a shape of capital letter“V”while that of the P.arundinacea var.picta exhibited an oblate“U”shape.C.riparia‘Bowles Golden’showed densely organized upper and lower palisade tissues,high cell tense ratio(CTR)to coefficient of palisade(CP)ratio,and thick cuticle on the upper and lower surfaces with the presence of stomas.P.arundinacea var.picta showed a larger content of spongy parenchyma,a high spongy ratio(SR)value,small air cavity volume within mesophyll cells,and mesophyll containing chloroplasts and leucoplasts individually corresponding to the green-and-white stripes and yellow-and-green stripes on leaf surface.The sheath cells in the inner layer of the bundle sheath cells t

关 键 词：观赏草 鲍尔斯黄金薹草 奶油玉带草 叶片 解剖结构 生理特性 

分 类 号：S682.36[农业科学—观赏园艺]