语境句中汉语话题结构的加工--基于主句和关系从句内宾语话题化对比  

Processing Chinese Topic Structures in Contexts:A Comparison Between the Topic Structures in the Main Clause and in the Relative Clause

作　　者：吴芙芸 王芳 WU Fuyun;WANG Fang

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学外国语学院 [2]爱丁堡大学哲学、心理学与语言科学学院

出　　处：《当代语言学》2024年第1期40-53,共14页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“记忆理论视域下汉语长依存构式中句法与语义加工的机制研究”(20BYY160);上海市哲学社科规划课题“汉语语序特异句与常规句的加工探究:指代依存视角”(2019BYY005)的资助。

摘　　要：汉语一般认为是SVO型语言,同时也是话题优先型语言的代表。宾语话题化(TSV)结构与典型SVO结构相比是否更难加工,不同的句法分析会做出不同的预测,而实证结果尚无定论。本文基于汉语话题结构允准出现在关系从句中的类型特点,通过提供上文语境引人定指话题,采用自控步阅读范式,对比考察汉语母语者在加工源于主句层面和关系从句内部的TSV结构与SVO结构的实时过程,以期为认识汉语话题的句法性质提供新的证据。结果显示,与SVO句相比,TSV句在主语位置上具有加工难度;但在关键动词位置上,无论TSV句是在主句层面还是在关系从句层面,均未发现加工难度。这些结果倾向于支持“基础生成说”,暗示汉语宾语话题化结构的加工并非一定涉及长距离句法依存关系的建构,或有可能是语义依存的建构。Chinese is generally considered an SVO language as English.But unlike English that stresses on the subject-predicate relation in a sentence,Chinese is known as a topic-prominent language where the topic bears an"aboutness"condition with the rest of the clause.In theoretical linguistics,it has been much of a debate regarding whether topic is base-generated or derived via syntactic movement.One way to address this controversy is to examine real-time processing of a gapped topic structure where a gap is presumably involved,and compare it with that of canonical SVO structures.For instance,when parsing Topic-Subject-Verb(TSV)sentences,Chinese comprehenders need to maintain the filler(i.e,topic)in working memory,and then retrieve and integrate it into the verb down the parsing stream.As constructing long-distance dependency is costly,processing difficulty is expected at the verb in TSV sentences compared to canonical SVO sentences with adjacent verb-argument dependency.However,existing psycholinguistic work has yielded mixed results,with some finding a processing disadvantage of TSV structure and others showing no processing differences between the two structures.We notice two inadequacies in prior research:i)definite topics were used,without being licensed by discourse contexts,and ii)simple sentences might have rendered ceiling effect,yet objects can be extracted from prenominal relative clauses(RC)in Chinese,a structure that is known to be complex.Thus,understanding the fact that Chinese TSVs can occur in both main clauses and RCs,we created natural contexts to introduce definite topics,and conducted a self-paced reading experiment with 60 Chinese participants.We manipulated word order(TSV vs.SVO)and structural complexity of the topicalized object(RC vs.main clause),yielding four conditions.We created 24 sets of stimuli,along with 32 filler trials.We ran linear mixed effects models on the critical regions of the RC-verb,the head noun(HN)of RC,the matrix verb,and their spillover regions.Our results showed that TSVs w

关 键 词：汉语话题结构 加工复杂度 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]