全格陵兰冰盖表面融水卫星遥感观测  

Remote sensing observation of surface meltwater on the Greenland Ice Sheet

作　　者：张闻松 朱雨欣 邱玉宝 王裕涵 刘金昱 杨康[1,2,3] ZHANG Wensong;ZHU Yuxin;QIU Yubao;WANG Yuhan;LIU Jinyu;YANG Kang(School of Geography and Ocean Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210023,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies,Nanjing 210023,China;Laboratory of Digital Earth Science,Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China;Joint Research Center for Arctic Observations,Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Arctic Space Center,Finnish Meteorological Institute(JRC-AO),Sodankyl 999018,Finland)

机构地区：[1]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,南京210023 [2]江苏省地理信息技术重点实验室,南京210023 [3]中国南海研究协同创新中心,南京210023 [4]中国科学院空天信息创新研究院,中国科学院数字地球重点实验室,北京100094 [5]中国科学院空天信息创新研究院和芬兰气象研究所北极观测联合研究中心,索丹屈莱999018

出　　处：《自然资源遥感》2024年第1期110-117,共8页Remote Sensing for Natural Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“格陵兰冰盖表面融水输送关键过程遥感监测”(编号:41871327);“格陵兰北部地区融水汇流过程遥感观测、模拟与影响分析”(编号:42271320);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)“高山与极地寒区河湖海冰变化遥感:协同与对比”(编号:XDA19070201)共同资助。

摘　　要：每年夏季,格陵兰冰盖表面消融产生大量融水。冰面融水由冰面河输送,存储在冰面湖或注水冰裂隙中,形成了规模庞大、结构复杂的水文系统。然而,目前研究对全格陵兰冰面融水空间分布的理解十分有限。文章利用134景10 m空间分辨率的Sentinel-2遥感影像,提取了2019年消融旺盛期格陵兰冰面融水遥感信息;进一步,对比分析了遥感观测的冰面融水分布与区域大气气候模型(regional atmospheric climate model,RACMO)模拟的冰面融水径流量。结果表明:①2019年消融旺盛期,格陵兰冰面融水面积为9900.9 km^(2),融水体积为6.8 km^(3);②格陵兰冰面融水的空间分布差异较大,呈现明显的“西多东少”“北多南少”的态势;③格陵兰冰面融水主要由冰面河组成,冰面河占冰面融水总体积的57.1%,其次是注水冰裂隙(25.6%)和冰面湖(17.3%);④RACMO在多数流域准确模拟了冰面融水径流区域。研究反映了高分辨率遥感在格陵兰冰面水文研究中的应用潜力,提升了对冰面融水输送与存储等关键水文过程的理解。Every summer,the surface melting on the Greenland Ice Sheet(GrIS)results in a large amount of surface meltwater,which is transported via supraglacial rivers and stored supraglacial lakes and water-filled crevasses,forming a large-scale and complex hydrologic system.However,there is a lack of studies on the spatial distribution of surface meltwater on the GrIS.This study extracted the surface meltwater information of the GrIS during the peak melting period in 2019 using 134 scenes of 10-m-resolution Sentinel-2 satellite images.Furthermore,we compared the surface meltwater distribution derived from the remote sensing observation and the surface meltwater runoff simulated by the regional atmospheric climate model(RACMO).The results show that:①During the peak melting period in 2019,the GrIS exhibited a surface meltwater area of 9900.9 km^(2)and a surface meltwater volume of 6.8 km^(3);②The GrIS surface meltwater exhibited a significantly varying spatial distribution characterized by high volumes in the western and northern basins and low volumes in the eastern and southern basins;③The surface meltwater on the GrIS was primarily composed of supraglacial rivers,which accounted for 57.1%of the overall surface meltwater volume,followed by water-filled crevasses(25.6%)and supraglacial lakes(17.3%);④RACMO accurately simulated the surface meltwater runoff regions in most GrIS basins.This study enhanced the understanding of key hydrologic processes such as surface meltwater routing and storage,demonstrating the high application potential of high-resolution remote sensing images in the hydrologic research of the GrIS.

关 键 词：冰面河 冰面湖 注水冰裂隙 Sentinel-2 格陵兰冰盖 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]