自由国际主义与冷战思维碰撞下的发展问题研究:基于康奈尔一秘鲁项目的案例  

A Study of Development Issues in the Collision Between Liberal Internationalism and Cold War Mentality:The Case of the Cornell-Peru Project

作　　者：王迪 Wang Di

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院历史研究所

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2024年第1期102-122,149,150,共23页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：冷战早期,在自由国际主义理念框架下,美国力图通过发展援助项目“改造”欠发达地区,与之相关的应用研究统御着美国社会科学。1949年,在美国基金会组织的资助下,康奈尔大学的人类学和社会学系率先在美国西南部地区开展应用人类学研究,后将其渐次推广到其他“落后地区”。作为该计划的延伸,1952一1966年间,由人类学家艾伦·霍姆伯格积极推动的康奈尔一秘鲁项目在安第斯山区的维柯斯庄园启动实施。在此过程中,农业科学的引入、营养与健康计划的推进、印第安人教育的发展和社会组织的创建使地方社会经历了一定程度的变迁。然而,20世纪60年代初期,美国和平队的介入使这一人类学实验陷入冲突的漩涡,且逐渐失去科学研究的底色。1966年,美国基金会组织和相关援助机构先后完成资助,研究人员离开维柯斯。康奈尔一秘鲁项目研究表明,美国社会科学研究者以本国发展模式为蓝本制定的变迁计划因脱离拉美实际而“水土不服”,其秉承的自由国际主义本质上服务于冷战的政治目的。In the early Cold War,within the framework of liberal internationalism,the United States sought to transform underdeveloped regions through development assistance projects,and relevant applied research dominated American social sciences.In 1949,with funding from American foundations,the Department of Anthropology and Sociology at Cornell University took the lead in conducting applied anthropology research in the southwestern United States,and later gradually extended it to other"backward"areas.As an extension of this plan,from 1952 to 1966,the Cornell-Peru Project,promoted by anthropologist Allan R.Holmberg,was launched in Vicos Hacienda in Peruvian Andes.During this process,local society experienced a certain degree of improvements with the introduction of agricultural science,the advancement of nutrition and health programs,the development of Indian education,and the creation of social organizations.However,in the early 1960s,the intervention of the US'Peace Corps volunteers plunged this anthropological experiment into the vortex of conflict,and thus the experiment gradually lost its scientific background.In 1966,American foundations and related aid agencies terminated funding,and the researchers left Vicos Hacienda.The research of Cornell-Peru Project showed that the guided change formulated by the American social science researchers based on their own country's development model was""unacclimated",because it was divorced from the reality of Indian community in Latin American.It can be argued that the liberal internationalism they upheld essentially served the political purpose of winning the Cold War.

关 键 词：康奈尔大学 秘鲁 自由国际主义 冷战 发展 

分 类 号：D081[政治法律—政治学]