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作 者:沈雯佳 鲍亦然 井木子 陈炼[1] 高朔 李宏[3] Shen Wenjia;Bao Yiran;Jing Muzi;Chen Lian;Gao Shuo;Li Hong(School of Life Sciences,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing 210042,China;School of Life Sciences,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China)
机构地区:[1]南京林业大学生命科学学院,江苏南京210037 [2]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042 [3]南京师范大学生命科学学院,江苏南京210023
出 处:《南京师大学报(自然科学版)》2024年第1期68-81,共14页Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Natural Science Edition)
基 金:国家自然科学基金项目(32171495);南京林业大学大学生实践创新训练计划项目(2023NFUSPITP0375).
摘 要:微塑料是指直径小于5 mm的塑料碎片,较难降解,对生态系统具有潜在的危害.目前,关于微塑料对淡水水生生物的毒理效应研究大多集中于浮游动物、鱼类、甲壳类和双壳类等.本研究在实验室条件下评估中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)在胚胎发育期间,向孵化基质中添加不同浓度微塑料对中华鳖稚鳖的形态、行为、生理特征及生长的影响.结果表明,喂食不同浓度(0.1 mg/L、1 mg/L、10 mg/L)的微塑料,对中华鳖稚鳖14 d龄、1月龄、3月龄和6月龄的形态指标(背甲和体重)和行为表现无显著影响.通过比较摄入不同浓度微塑料14 d的中华鳖稚鳖的肠道菌群组成,发现变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)是构成肠道菌群的核心菌群,多样性未发生显著变化,而摄入0.1 mg/L微塑料的中华鳖稚鳖肠道菌群的丰度显著降低.此外,摄入不同浓度的微塑料还会改变某些条件致病菌以及消化有关的菌群富集,如拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)、管道杆菌属(Cloacibacterium)等.本研究为评估微塑料对淡水爬行动物的毒性效应及微塑料对其潜在的生态毒理风险提供科学理论参考.Microplastics are plastic fragments less than 5 mm in diameter that are difficult to degrade and potentially harmful to the ecosystem.At present,studies on the toxicological effects of microplastics on freshwater aquatic organisms mostly focus on zooplankton,fish,crustaceans and bivalves.In the present study,it explored the effects of microplastics on the embryonic stage of Chinese soft-shelled turtle(Pelodiscus sinensis)and different concentrations of microplastics on the morphology,behavior and physiological process of P.sinensis under laboratory conditions.Feeding different concentrations(0.1 mg/L,1 mg/L,10 mg/L)of microplastics did not significantly affect the morphological index(tergum and mass)and behavioral performance of the 14-days-ages,1-month-ages,3-month-ages and 6-month-ages juvenile P.sinensis.The results suggested that Proteobacteria,Bacteroidota,and Firmicutes the dominant bacteria in the gut microbiota of juvenile P.sinensis after ingested different concentrations of microplastics and gut bacterial community diversity did not change significantly.The abundance of gut microbiota of juvenile P.sinensis was significantly decreased when 0.1 mg/L microplastics were ingested.In addition,ingestion of different concentrations of microplastics could also change the enrichment of some opportunistic pathogens and some bacteria related to digestion,such as Bacteroides,Aeromonas,Cloacibacterium and so on.This research provides scientific and theoretical references for studying the toxic effects of microplastics on freshwater reptiles and assessing potential ecotoxicological risks of microplastics.
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