我国教育投入产出对收入差距影响的实证研究  

An Empirical Study of the Impact of Education Inputs and Outputs on Income Gap in China

作　　者：张茂聪[1] 薛翔宇 范晓婷[1] 陈倩 ZHANG Maocong;XUE Xiangyu;FAN Xiaoting;CHEN Qian(Research Center for Education Performance Evaluation and Resource Allocation,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250014,China;Research Center for Education Policy and Management,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250014,China;School of Economics,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学教育绩效评价与资源配置研究中心,山东济南250014 [2]山东师范大学教育政策与管理研究中心,山东济南250014 [3]山东师范大学经济学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《经济与管理评论》2024年第2期136-149,共14页Review of Economy and Management

基　　金：山东省社会科学规划研究项目“山东省人力资本缩小收入差距的作用机理与实现路径研究”(22DJJJ03);国家高层次人才特殊支持计划项目(22VRC105)。

摘　　要：我国迅速发展的教育事业为经济社会发展做出了巨大贡献,为探究我国教育事业发展对收入差距产生的影响,选取1999-2020年我国31个省份相关数据,通过双固定效应模型、空间计量模型等方法展开实证分析。研究发现,教育投入会显著缩小本地区收入差距,教育产出显著地扩大了本地区的收入差距;机制分析结果表明,教育投入具有公平效应,且该过程会受到经济发展水平及政府其他资源配置能力的影响,教育产出更具马太效应,且该作用通过影响科技创新水平表现出来并受到劳动力市场情况的影响;空间计量结果表明,教育投入会缩小相邻地区收入差距,教育产出未对相邻地区收入差距产生作用。据此提出持续加大教育投入、继续发挥多次分配作用、政府政策发挥导向作用、完善其他配套政策等建议。The rapidly developing education industry in our country has made tremendous contributions to economic and social development.To explore the impact of education development on income inequality,relevant data from 31 provinces in China from 1999 to 2020 are selected for empirical analysis by using methods such as double fixed effects model and spatial econometric model.The research shows that education inputs significantly reduce the income gap in the region,while education outputs significantly widen the income gap in the region.The mechanism analysis shows that education inputs have a distributional effect,and this process is influenced by the level of economic development and the government's ability to allocate other resources.Education outputs have a Matthew effect,and this effect is manifested by affecting the level of science and technology innovation and is influenced by the labor market situation.The spatial econometric results indicate that education inputs narrow the income gap between adjacent regions,while education outputs have no effect on the income gap between adjacent regions.Based on this,suggestions are proposed to continuously increase investment in education,continue to play the role of multiple allocations,have government policies play a lead role,and improve other supporting policies.

关 键 词：教育投入与产出 收入差距 公平效应 马太效应 空间效应 

分 类 号：F24[经济管理—劳动经济]