劳动权益侵害、职业身份歧视与骑手精神健康风险——基于针对北京地区非京籍快递外卖骑手的超大城市流动人口精神健康调查  

Association Between Labor Rights Infringement and Occupational Identity Discrimination,and Mental Health Risks in Delivery Riders——Based on a Questionnaire Survey of Nonnative Beijing residents Riders in Beijing

作　　者：李卓 王延涛 罗雅楠 LI Zhuo;WANG Yan-tao;LUO Ya-nan(School of Social Sciences,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Institute of Crime Prevention,Ministry of Justice,Beijing 100034,China;Department of Global Health,School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学社会科学学院,北京市100084 [2]司法部预防犯罪研究所,北京市100871 [3]北京大学公共卫生学院全球卫生学系,北京市100191

出　　处：《中国流通经济》2024年第3期67-79,共13页China Business and Market

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“超大城市流动人口的精神健康风险评估与应对策略研究”(21CRK014)。

摘　　要：随着平台经济、共享经济的发展,快递外卖骑手从业者规模越来越大,其精神健康状况对快递外卖等新业态和劳动力市场高质量发展具有重要意义。基于针对北京地区非京籍快递外卖骑手的超大城市流动人口精神健康调查,运用二分类逻辑斯蒂回归模型和结构方程模型,从劳动权益侵害、职业身份歧视两个方面,分析影响骑手精神健康风险的因素和作用机制。研究发现,骑手普遍面临较高的精神健康风险,而劳动权益侵害、职业身份歧视是损害骑手精神健康的重要因素;劳动权益侵害、职业身份歧视不仅直接损害骑手精神健康,而且通过降低社区融入水平、加剧孤独感间接损害骑手精神健康,其中社区融入是关键,职业身份歧视对孤独感的影响要通过社区融入实现;骑手劳动过程与社会生活联系紧密,社会生活中职业身份歧视对骑手精神健康的损害,比职业场域中劳动权益侵害的损害更严重。为进一步降低骑手精神健康风险,一方面,要完善相关法律法规,加强组织支持,确立和保障骑手劳动权益;另一方面,要加强正向引导宣传,优化社会保险和保障制度设计,消除社会公众的偏见和歧视,为骑手工作和生活营造良好社会氛围,帮助骑手形成职业认同,产生自我认同,获得社会认同。With the development of platform and sharing economy,the scale of riders in the express delivery and food delivery industry is increasing.Their mental health is of great significance for the high-quality development of new business formats and labor markets.Based on a questionnaire survey of nonnative Beijing residents riders in Beijing,the authors use logistic regression model and structural equation modeling(SEM)to analyze the factors and mechanisms that affect the mental health risks of riders from the perspectives of labor rights infringement and occupational identity discrimination.It is found that:most riders are facing mental health risks and both labor rights infringement and occupational identity discrimination have a negative impact on the mental health risks of riders;they not only directly increase the mental health risks,but also indirectly affect their mental health through weakening community integration and enhancing feelings of loneliness,and among them,community integration mechanism is particularly crucial,and the impact of occupational identity discrimination on the feelings of loneliness among riders also depends on community integration;and compared with labor rights infringement,occupational identity discrimination has greater impact on the mental health risks of delivery riders.To further decrease mental health risks of riders,on the one hand,it is necessary to strengthen the protection of labor rights for riders through improving legislation and strengthening organizational support;and,on the other hand,it is important to strengthen positive publicity,optimize design of social security and guaranteeing system,eliminate discrimination against riders in the urban social environment,create a more friendly social environment for their employment and life,promote their level of occupational and social identity.

关 键 词：快递外卖骑手 劳动权益侵害 职业身份歧视 精神健康风险 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济]