郑州地区商代建筑夯土材料的科技分析与研究——以郑州商城和郑州小双桥遗址为例  

Scientific analysis and research on rammed earth materials of the Shang Dynastyin Zhengzhou area: taking Zhengzhou Shang City and ZhengzhouXiaoshuangqiao sites as examples

作　　者：谷天旸 杨雪钦 师东辉 杨树刚 马玉鹏 郑晓旭 吴金旭 张玉修 宋国定 GU Tianyang;YANG Xueqin;SHI Donghui;YANG Shugang;MA Yupeng;ZHENG Xiaoxu;WU Jinxu;ZHANG Yuxiu;SONG Guoding(Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences),Beijing 100044,China;Department of Archaeology and Anthropology,School of Humanities,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science&Technology,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology,Zhengzhou 450000,China;Zhengzhou Site Museum of the Shang Capital,Zhengzhou 450000,China;Culture,Tourism and Sports Bureau of Guancheng Hui District,Zhengzhou 450000,China;College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Institute of Archaeology,Beijing Union University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室(中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所),北京100044 [2]中国科学院大学人文学院考古学与人类学系,北京100049 [3]北京科技大学科技史与文化遗产研究院,北京100083 [4]河南省文物考古研究院,河南郑州450000 [5]郑州商都遗址博物院,河南郑州450000 [6]郑州市管城回族区文化旅游体育局,河南郑州450000 [7]中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院,北京100049 [8]北京联合大学考古研究院,北京100191

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2024年第1期89-100,共12页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0903601);北京市自然科学基金面上项目(8232048)资助。

摘　　要：本研究以郑州商城和小双桥遗址发现的不同建筑类型的夯土材料(城墙、高台基址、建筑基础、水井等)为对象,利用显微观察、拉曼光谱分析、粒度分析、磁化率测定、烧失量测定等科技方法,结合形貌特征比对开展综合研究。研究初步探析了郑州地区商代各类型夯土材料的结构、组成和物性特征。通过土壤微形态分析等方法有效识别了夯土的微观结构、组分和微构造,揭示了先民夯筑行为对原生土壤的改造现象,进而探讨了夯土在建造和使用时期的人地关系。Based on the rammed earth materials for different types of architecture,such as city walls,high-platform foundations,building foundations and wells,found at Zhengzhou Shang City and Zhengzhou Xiaoshuangqiao sites,a comprehensive analysis was conducted using a series of methods including microscopic observation,Raman spectrometry,determination of loss on ignition and magnetic susceptibility,etc.,in combination with the comparison of morphological characteristics.This analysis revealed the mineral composition and physical properties of various types of rammed earth materials of the Shang Dynasty in Zhengzhou area.Furthermore,through the soil micro-morphological analysis to distinguish the microscopic structure and texture of rammed earth,the phenomenon of ramming behavior transforming the native soil environment was recognized,and the human-environment relationship during the construction and utilization of rammed earth was explored.

关 键 词：古代建筑 夯筑技术 郑州商城 郑州小双桥 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]