新生儿重症监护室呼吸机相关性肺炎研究进展  

Research progress of ventilator-associated pneumonia in neonatal intensive care unit

作　　者：刘玥 张静萍[1] LIU Yue;ZHANG Jing-ping(The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University,Shenyang,Liaoning 110001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医科大学附属第一医院院内感染管理办公室,辽宁沈阳110001

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2024年第4期628-634,共7页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅科研基金资助项目(JYTMS20230072)。

摘　　要：呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)作为医院获得性肺部感染,在新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)中是重症患儿常见的并发症之一.但因新生儿VAP的定义尚无统一标准,且易与其他早产儿特有的肺部病理临床表现发生重叠,导致其诊断特异度较低,主观性较大.许多NICU实施了集束化预防策略,通过手卫生、口腔护理、设备无菌操作、每日评估是否可拔管及体位管理防止胃液反流等措施来减少VAP的发生,但需进一步证据来支持束元素的有效性.本文主要对新生儿VAP的流行病学、发病机制和预防措施等方面予以讨论与评估.Ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP),as a hospital-acquired pulmonary infection,is one of the com-mon complications in neonatal intensive care unit(NICU).However,there are no standardized cariteria for the definition of VAP in neonates,and it is prone to overlap with other clinical manifestations of pulmonary pathology specific to premature infants,resulting in low specificity and high subjectivity in the diagnosis.Many NICUs have implemented cluster prevention strategies to reduce the incidence of VAP through hand hygiene,oral care,aseptic operation of equipment,daily assessment of extubation,and body positioning to prevent gastric reflux,but further evidence is needed to support the effectiveness of cluster elements.This article mainly discusses and evaluates the epidemiology,pathogenesis and preventive measures of neonatal VAP.

关 键 词：新生儿 新生儿重症监护室 呼吸机相关性肺炎 集束化预防策略 

分 类 号：R563.1[医药卫生—呼吸系统]