欧洲典型国家铁路运输市场引入竞争对比研究  

A Comparative Study of the Introduction of Competition in the Rail Transport Market in Typical European Countries

作　　者：方奕[1] 刘曲星 季扬[1] FANG Yi;LIU Quxing;JI yang(Scientific and Technological Information Research Institute of China Academy of Railway Sciences,Beijing 10081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院 科学技术信息研究研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《综合运输》2024年第2期84-90,共7页China Transportation Review

摘　　要：欧洲三个典型国家德国、英国、法国对于在铁路运输市场引入竞争持有不同的态度,采取了改革力度各不相同的鼓励竞争的举措,本文通过对上述三个国家在铁路运输市场引入竞争的绩效、问题和对策的对比研究,以此说明铁路运输市场引入竞争的程度对行业发展的作用和影响。研究发现,引入竞争对提高铁路运量、改善公司经营绩效、提高政府补贴效率起到了一定的促进作用,但同时也产生了铁路系统协调难度上升、成本增加、铁路全覆盖和服务大众的优势被弱化等问题。要实现有效的市场竞争,不仅需要政府资金的持续支持,还需要在分散、有利于竞争的市场结构与保持铁路行业的整体性之间寻找到平衡点。This paper examines the performance,problems and countermeasures of the introduction of competition in the rail transport market in three typical European countries-Germany,the UK and France-to illustrate the role and impact of the extent of competition in the rail transport market on the development of the industry.The study finds that the introduction of competition has contributed to increased railway capacity,improved company performance and increased efficiency of government subsidies,but has also created problems such as increased difficulty in coordinating the railway system,increased costs and weakened advantages of full coverage and public service.Achieving effective market competition requires not only continued government funding,but also finding a balance between a decentralised pro-competitive market structure and maintaining the integrity of the rail system.

关 键 词：欧洲铁路运输市场 引入竞争 改革绩效 问题 对策 

分 类 号：F530.6[经济管理—产业经济] F530.516