变化条件下长江下游地区防洪问题与韧性提升对策  

Flood issues and resilience enhancement strategies in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River under changing environment

作　　者：胡庆芳[1,2] 方长风 苏鑫 杨富宝 朱大伟 Hu Qingfang;Fang Changfeng;Su Xin;Yang Fubao;Zhu DaWei(The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029;Yangtze Institute For Conservation And Development,Nanjing 210098;Water Resources Bureau of Lishui District,Nanjing 211200;Anhui Provincial Water Resources and Hydropower Survey,Design and Research Institute Co.,Ltd,Hefei 230088;Jiangsu Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design Institute Co.,Ltd.Yangzhou 225217)

机构地区：[1]南京水利科学研究院水灾害防御全国重点实验室,南京210029 [2]长江保护与绿色发展研究院,南京210098 [3]南京市溧水区水务局,南京211200 [4]安徽省水利水电勘测设计研究总院股份有限公司,合肥230088 [5]江苏省水利水电规划设计研究院有限公司,扬州225217

出　　处：《中国防汛抗旱》2024年第3期1-7,共7页China Flood & Drought Management

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFC3000105);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52309026);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费经费资助项目(Y523005、Y523007);江苏省水利科技计划项目(2020034)。

摘　　要：长江下游地区圩区广布、城镇众多、水网稠密,汛期受长江上中游来水、长江口及沿海高潮和本地暴雨共同威胁。目前,该地区形成了以江河湖海堤防为基本屏障,以水库、湖泊和蓄滞洪区为洪涝调蓄空间,以长江及区域主要河道为洪涝行泄通道,各类闸站相配套的防洪治涝工程体系。但近年来长江流域大洪水事件表明,长江下游防洪工程薄弱环节仍然明显,蓄泄矛盾突出,空间统筹治理和工程协同调度不足,灾害风险预防管控存在盲区,同时还面临着气候水文和经济社会条件双重变化的复杂形势。为强化长江下游地区洪涝灾害风险集成调控、提升应对大洪水的韧性,需在稳固长江干流防洪屏障和行洪主通道的基础上,科学优化各水系洪涝蓄泄格局、加快补齐防洪基础设施短板、促进洪涝治理空间均衡协调、加强洪涝灾害风险管控预防、提升防洪管理智慧化水平。同时,还应针对长江下游地区重大防洪科技问题开展系统深入研究。The lower reaches of the Yangtze River are widely distributed with polders,numerous towns and dense water networks.In the flood season,this region is threatened by local rainstorms,floods from the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the high tides of the Yangtze River estuary and coastal areas.At present,a flood defense system has been constructed.In this system,river,lakes and sea embankments are acted as the basic barrier.Reservoirs,lakes and flood detention areas are acted as the flood storage spaces.The Yangtze River main channel and major tributaries are acted as the flood discharge channels.Various gates acted as supporting facilities.However,the event of great basin-wide flood in 2020,several problems of this system exposed.Some weaknesses in flood control projects in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River are still evident.Prominent contradiction exists between flood storage and discharge.Collaborative governance among various sub areas and flood control works united operation is insufficient.Also,flood disaster risk prevention and control are rather weak.Additionally,the region faces the complex challenges of climate and hydrology changes and also the socio-economic conditions.To strengthen the integrated regulation and control of flood risk and enhance resilience in responding to great floods,it is necessary to consolidate the flood barriers and main discharge channels of the Yangtze River and scientifically optimize the flood storage and discharge spatial pattern of various sub catchments.Flood infrastructure improvement should be accelerated.Flood control and management should be more coordinated spatially.Flood risk prevention and control should be enhanced.Finally,intelligent flood management is required.At the same time,systematic and in-depth research should be conducted to address major flood technology issues.

关 键 词：变化条件 洪涝灾害 风险集成调控 韧性提升 对策 长江下游 

分 类 号：P426.616[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] TV87[水利工程—水利水电工程]