基于事故树的铝电解车间火灾爆炸事故分析  

Analysis of Fire and Explosion Accidents in Aluminum Electrolysis Workshop Based on Accident Tree

作　　者：全鹏程 朱淼 崔根群 李伊惠 向禹 曹文琦 许亨权 左玉海 郝林 李刚[1] 刘明川 练骋 钱中友 唐蜜 尹刚[2] QUAN Pengchen;ZHU Miao;CUI Genqun;LI Yihui;XIANG Yu;CAO Wenqi;XU Hengquan;ZUO Yuhai;HAO Lin;LI Gang;LIU Mingchuan;LIAN Pin;QIAN Zhongyou;TANG Mi;YIN Gang(A ba Aluminium Plant,Wenchuan 623001,China;Chongqing University,School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Chongqing 400044,China;Army Engineering University Communication Non commissioned Officer School,Chongqing 400035,China;Qinghai Haiyuan Green Wheel Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.,Qinghai 810000,China;Zhongxi Green Carbon(Chongqing)Technology Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 400042,China)

机构地区：[1]阿坝铝厂,四川阿坝藏族羌族自治州623001 [2]重庆大学资源与安全学院,重庆400044 [3]陆军工程大学通信士官学校,重庆400035 [4]青海海源绿轮制造有限公司,青海810000 [5]中玺绿碳(重庆)科技有限公司,重庆400042

出　　处：《绿色矿冶》2024年第1期83-88,共6页Sustainable Mining and Metallurgy

基　　金：重庆英才·创新创业示范团队项目(CQYC202203091061);科技转化重大项目(H20201555)。

摘　　要：本文对某铝厂电解车间的火灾爆炸危险源进行识别,并通过建立完整的事故树找出可能引发电解车间火灾爆炸事故的原因。以火灾事故作为顶事件,通过分析最小割集、最小径集以及各基本事件的结构重要度排序,发现炉帮破坏、电压监护不到位、母线短路口处意外短接等基本事件对火灾事故的影响较大。针对可能导致事故的原因,分别从工艺技术和安全管理两个方面提出了改进措施。在工艺技术方面,建议加强炉帮的维护和检查、加强阴极软连接的监测、加强电压监护系统的设置和维护等;在安全管理方面,建议加强员工的安全培训和教育、建立完善的安全管理制度和操作规程、加强设备的定期检查和维护等,以有效预防铝电解厂火灾爆炸事故的发生。In this paper,the hazand sources of fire and explosion in the electrolysis workshop of an aluminum plant were identified,and the possible causes of fire and explosion accidents in the electrolysis workshop was found out by building a complete accident tree.Taking the fire accident as the top event,by analyzing the minimum cut set,the minimum path set,and the structural importance ranking of each basic event,It was found that the basic events such as furnace gang destruction,voltage supervision not in place,accidental shorting at the busbar short intersection,and so on have a greater impact on the top event.For the reasons that may lead to accidents,improvement measures were proposed from the aspects of process technology and safety management,respectively.In terms of process technology,it was recommended to strengthen the maintenance and inspection of the furnace gang,strengthen the monitoring of cathode soft connection,and strengthen the setting and maintenance of voltage monitoring system,etc.In terms of safety management,it was recommended to strengthen the staff's safety training and education,establish a perfect safety management system and operating procedures,and strengthen the regular inspection and maintenance of equipment,etc.,in order to effectively prevent the occurrence of fire and explosion accidents in aluminum electrolysis plants.

关 键 词：铝电解 事故树分析 火灾爆炸危险源 工艺技术 安全管理 

分 类 号：TF821[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]