无证据的知识是可能的吗——基于认知心理学的证据激活方案  

Is Knowledge Without Evidence Possible:The Evidence Activation Scheme Based on Cognitive Psychology

作　　者：唐瑭[1] 程潇 郑伟平[1] TANG Tang;CHENG Xiao;ZHENG Weiping(Department of Philosophy,Xiamen University,Xiamen,Fujian,361005;School of Philosophy,Fudan University,Shanghai,200433)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学哲学系,福建厦门361005 [2]复旦大学哲学学院,上海200433

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2024年第2期27-34,共8页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“信念规范论研究”(项目编号:20BZX101)。

摘　　要：证据主义是知识论的正统观念,即证据是知识的必要条件。这一阵营常常受到无证据知识说的攻击,如以无梦睡眠状态等场景下的主体知识状态作为“无证据的知识”反例,主张在没有证据的前提下主体的知识是可能的。证据主义阵营的传统的应对方案是搜寻证据,但在无梦睡眠案例中,这一路线的回忆倾向说无法有效地为证据主义提供辩护。基于认知心理学“激活”的概念,新的证据激活方案为无梦睡眠状态下的主体知识提供了激活的精神状态以为证据。按照这一方案,可以坚守证据主义的立场,有希望驳倒无证据的知识说。Evidentialism is the orthodox concept of epistemology,that is,evidence is a necessary condition for knowledge.However,this school of thought is often attacked by the theorists of knowledge without evidence,for example they take the state of the subject's knowledge in the scenario of dreamless sleep state as a counterexample of “knowledge without evidence”,arguing that the subject's knowledge is possible without evidence.The traditional response of the evidentialism school is to search for evidence,but in the case of dreamless sleep,the recollection tendency of this line is not effective in defending evidentialism.Based on the concept of “activation”from cognitive psychology,the new evidence activation scheme provides evidence for activated mental states for the subject's knowledge in the dreamless sleep state.With the help of this scheme,the position of evidence-based doctrine can be adhered to,and it is hopeful to refute the theory of knowledge without evidence.

关 键 词：证据主义 无证据的知识 无梦睡眠 激活觉察 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] B84[哲学宗教—心理学]