从礼貌看汉语拒绝表达中的语气词  

On the Modal Particles in Chinese Refusal Expressions from the Perspective of Politeness

作　　者：李影 LI Ying(College of International Education,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学国际教育学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《皖西学院学报》2024年第1期116-120,共5页Journal of West Anhui University

基　　金：2020年国家社会科学基金重大课题(20&ZD293);2021年国际中文教育研究课题青年项目(21YH73D);2020年贵州大学文科研究青年项目(GDQN2020024);2020年贵州大学引进人才(博士基金)科研项目(贵大人基合字(2020)033号)。

摘　　要：以电视剧会话为分析语料,参考礼貌因素讨论语气词“吧”“呢”在汉语拒绝表达中的应用情况及其语用功能。“吧”可附在独立成句的结构(如“算了”)、表建议命令等指令行为的小句/句子、反问句、表商量的问句、表评价的陈述句等结构之后,缓和拒绝语气。“呢”主要出现在表示拒绝的陈述句句末、句中以及反问句的句末,这些结构中的“呢”对于会话双方关系地位、年龄、性别等非语言因素有限定,凸显了礼貌的得体性。Taking the conversation of TV dramas as corpus,this paper analyzed the application and pragmatic functions of modal particles“ba”and“ne”in Chinese refusal expressions from the perspective of politeness factors.“Ba”can be attached to independent sentence structures,such as“suanle”,clauses or sentences expressing instruction behaviors,such as suggestion commands,rhetorical questions,deliberative questions,statements of evaluation,etc.,to ease the refusal tone.“Ne”mainly appears in the declarative sentences or the rhetorical questions expressing refusal.“Ne”in these sentences or questions has limitations on nonverbal pragmatic factors such as the relationship status between the speakers and hearers,the age and the gender of both parties in the conversation,highlighting the appropriateness of politeness.

关 键 词：汉语拒绝 礼貌 语气词 电视剧 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]