名词附缀——再论单音方位词的句法地位  

Noun Clitic:On the Syntactic Status of Chinese Monosyllabic Locative Particles

作　　者：彭程 彭家法[2] PENG Cheng;PENG Jiafa(School of Foreign Languages,West Anhui University,Lu'an 237012,China;School of Liberal Arts,Anhui University,Hefei 230000,China)

机构地区：[1]皖西学院外国语学院,安徽六安237012 [2]安徽大学文学院,安徽合肥230000

出　　处：《皖西学院学报》2024年第1期121-126,144,共7页Journal of West Anhui University

基　　金：安徽省社科规划项目(AHSKY2020D133);皖西学院校级重点项目(WXSK202135);外研社横向课题(2022082502)。

摘　　要：汉语单音方位词有不同的用法,句法地位也有所不同。后置介词说、名词说都不能充分说明后置单音方位词的语音附着性。附在名词之后的单音方位词句法语义取宽域,保留名词的句法地位,语音具有附着性,具有名词附缀的句法性质。名词附缀的语音句法错配性,体现出词缀和词的双重特点。附着在名词后的单音方位词保留名词地位不是后置介词,方位短语不是介词短语,而是处所名词短语。处所名词短语跟一般名词不同,既能做主宾语,又能作状语,具有双重功能,这可以自然解释方位短语作状语的现象。并非只有介词短语才能作状语,汉语方位短语能用作状语,并不能证明就是后置词短语。语言成分常常具有双重地位和双重功能,需要综合运用语音、语义、句法手段确定语言成分的句法地位和句法功能。The different usages of Chinese monosyllabic locative particle correspond to different syntactic status.Theories regarding them as postposition or noun cannot fully explain the phonetic attachment of post-position particles.Chinese monosyllabic locative particles that attached to a noun component take a wide scope syntactically and semantically,retain the syntactic status of a noun,but they have the phonetic attachment,so they have the syntactic status of noun clitic.The mismatch between phonetic and syntactic properties of clitic reflects the dual attributes of clitic(affix and word).Chinese monosyllabic locative particles that attached to a noun component retain noun status rather than postpositions;the locative phrase is not a prepositional phrase,but a locative noun phrase.Locative noun phrases are different from ordinary nouns.They can serve as both subject/object and adverbial.They have dual functions.This can naturally explain the phenomenon that locative phrase can be used as adverbial.It is not true that only prepositional phrase can be used as adverbials.Chinese locative phrase can be used as adverbial,but that cannot prove that they are postpositional phrases.Linguistic components often have dual nature.In discriminating the syntactic statuses of Chinese linguistic components,it is necessary to make use of the combination of phonetic,semantic,syntactic(numeration-classifier collocation,etc.)means.

关 键 词：单音方位词 附缀 错配 双重地位 双重功能 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]