2018—2022年北京市顺义区入园儿童体检结果分析  

Analysis on physical examination for children entering kindergarten in Shunyi district of Beijing,2018—2022

作　　者：胡蝶 李雪玲 刘雅静 孙健 李诚善 徐燕军 HU Die;LI Xueling;LIU Yajing;SUN Jian;LI Chengshan;XU Yanjun(Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shunyi District,Shunyi Women and Children’s Hospital of Beijing Children’s Hospital,Beijing 101300,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市顺义区妇幼保健院/北京儿童医院顺义妇儿医院,101300

出　　处：《首都公共卫生》2023年第6期349-353,共5页Capital Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的了解2018—2022年北京市顺义区入园儿童健康状况,为做好儿童保健工作提供科学依据。方法收集2018—2022年顺义区入园儿童体检资料,对体检结果进行统计分析,采用SPSS 25.0进行χ^(2)检验、χ_(趋势)^(2)检验。结果2018—2022年间,龋齿、超重、肥胖和消瘦的总检出率较高,分别为18.51%、9.62%、4.90%和2.99%。消瘦的检出率呈上升趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=16.957,P<0.001),超重(χ_(趋势)^(2)=63.716,P<0.001)和生长迟缓(χ_(趋势)^(2)=8.131,P=0.004)的检出率呈下降趋势。随入园年龄增加,肥胖(χ_(趋势)^(2)=11.339,P=0.001)、生长迟缓(χ_(趋势)^(2)=27.804,P<0.001)、消瘦(χ_(趋势)^(2)=14.119,P<0.001)和龋齿(χ_(趋势)^(2)=320.233,P<0.001)的检出率呈上升趋势。超重和肥胖的检出率男童高于女童(χ_(超重)^(2)=28.326,P<0.001;χ_(肥胖)^(2)=77.865,P<0.001)。贫血总检出率为1.89%,96.99%%以上为轻度贫血。低体重和听力异常总检出率分别为0.69%和0.41%,低体重检出率随入园年龄增长趋势平稳且不同性别间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论顺义区入园儿童超重和生长迟缓情况良好,消瘦的检出率呈上升趋势且随入园年龄增长而升高,应采取综合措施予以干预。Objective To understand the health status of children who was going to enter kindergarten in Shunyi district of Beijing during 2018—2022,and to provide scientific evidence for children health care.Methods Physical examination data of children entering kindergarten in Shunyi district were selected during 2018—2022.The result of examination were analyzed and SPSS 25.0 statistical software was used for Chi-square test and Chi-square trend test.Results From 2018 to 2022,the total detection rates of caries,overweight,obesity,and emaciation were relatively high,and were 18.51%,9.62%,4.90%,2.99%,respectively.The detection rates of emaciation showed an increasing trend(χ_(trend)^(2)=16.957,P<0.001),but the detection rates of overweight(χ_(trend)^(2)=63.716,P<0.001)and growth retardation(χ_(trend)^(2)=8.131,P=0.004)had decreasing trend with age.The detection rates of obesity(χ_(trend)^(2)=11.339,P=0.001),growth retardation(χ_(trend)^(2)=27.804,P<0.001),emaciation(χ_(trend)^(2)=14.119,P<0.001)and caries(χ_(trend)^(2)=320.233,P<0.001)showed rising tendency with the increase in admission age.The detection rates of overweight and obesity appeared higher in boys than those in girls(χ_(overweight)^(2)=28.326,P<0.001;χ_(obesity)^(2)=77.865,P<0.001).The total detection rate of anemia was 1.89%,and more than 96.99% were mild anemia.The total detection rates of low body weight and hearing abnormality were 0.69% and 0.41%,respectively.The detection rates of low body weight had the trend of stability with admission age and there was no significant difference between different genders(P>0.05).Conclusions Overweight and growth retardation situation in children who were going to enter kindergarten in Shunyi district is at good status.The detection rate of emaciation is gradually increasing with admission age and comprehensive measures should be carried out.

关 键 词：入园体检 营养状况 贫血 龋齿 听力异常 儿童 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]