人口城镇化视角下中国流动人口住房阶层研究  

Housing Class of the Chinese Floating Population:From the Perspective of Urbanization

作　　者：龚岳 曹吉阳 Gong Yue;Cao Jiyang(School of Urban Design,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Faculty of Humanities and Social Science,Macao Polytechnic University,Macao 999078,China;School of Urban Planning and Design,Peking University,Shenzhen 518055,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学城市设计学院城乡空间治理中心,武汉430072 [2]澳门理工大学人文与社科学院,中国澳门999078 [3]北京大学城市规划与设计学院,广东深圳518055

出　　处：《热带地理》2024年第3期480-491,共12页Tropical Geography

基　　金：招商局慈善基金会中国当代社会治理研究项目(第二期02)。

摘　　要：流动人口长期处于城市住房阶层的底端,近年来其内部出现明显阶层分化,影响新型城镇化和城市保障性住房建设。文章采用2016年流动人口监测数据、房价数据与城镇数据,分析流动人口住房阶层的特征、空间格局及其影响因素与机制。首先从人口城镇化视角,采用潜在类别模型,根据购房状况将流动人口分为流入与户籍地多房、流入地一房、户籍地城镇有房、户籍地村房、无房共5个阶层。进一步的分析表明:1)流动人口形成三阶五层“土”字形的住房阶层结构,非农户籍流动人口多处在住房阶层的中上层,而农业户籍流动人口在无房阶层中占比较高,多处在中下层。2)流动人口住房阶层形成南北差异的空间格局,城镇多房和流入地一房阶层多分布在北部和中西部,且多集中在中小城市;而户籍地城镇有房阶层与无房阶层多分布在东南部和南部,且多集中在大城市。3)除社会经济因素外,制度、迁移、区域因素显著影响流动人口住房阶层,户籍制度仍对住房分层有较大影响。4)制度维续、市场转型和住房过滤是流动人口住房分层及其空间格局的形成机制。应加快户籍等制度改革,依据地域实施差异化保障性住房建设,为城市基本公共服务的提供者和流入流出地都无购房的流动人口提供住房保障,促进农村流动人口住房阶层跃迁。The floating population is at the bottom of the urban housing classes.In recent years,housing class of floating population has become differentiated,affecting new-type urbanization and affordable housing development.This study discusses the characteristics of the floating population's housing class and the influencing factors and mechanisms of its formation.It uses the Latent Class Analysis model to classify housing classes and obtains five classes:multiple houses in inflow and hukou(household registration)areas,one house in the inflow area,one or multiple houses in hukou areas,village houses in hukou areas,and the houseless class.Further analysis shows that:(1)The housing purchase behavior of the floating population in cities is aligned with the urbanization process;most of the floating population with non-agricultural hukou is in the middle and upper housing classes,whereas most of the floating population with agricultural hukou is in the middle and lower classes.(2)The spatial differentiation of the housing class of the floating population follows a north-south pattern.The multiple houses in inflow and hukou areas and one-house in the inflow area classes are mostly distributed in the northern,central,and western parts of China,and are in small-and medium-sized cities.Most one or multiple houses in hukou areas and houseless classes are concentrated in large cities in southeastern and southern China.(3)In addition to socioeconomic,institutional,migration,and regional factors significantly impact housing classes.Compared with the floating population with non-agricultural hukou,the floating population with agricultural hukou is constrained by the market and hukou system,and is easily excluded from the housing market and the affordable housing system.Members in state-owned enterprises and the members of the Communist Party of China still have an advantage in housing stratification,while non-SOEs migrants'disadvantages are worsened.In addition,geographical factors maintain the characteristics of migrants'housing cla

关 键 词：流动人口 住房阶层 人口城镇化 空间格局 住房保障 中国 

分 类 号：C924.2[社会学—人口学] F299.23