西南喀斯特地区不同岩面形态下岩面径流特征  

Runoff Characteristics of Rock Surface Under Different Rock Surface Morphology in Southwest Karst Area

作　　者：吴瑶琴 蒋超华 徐勤学[1,2] 方荣杰[1,2] 付智勇[4] 陈洪松[4] Wu Yaoqin;Jiang Chaohua;Xu Qinxue;Fang Rongjie;Fu Zhiyong;Chen Hongsong(Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Environmental Pollution Control in Guangxi,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Safety in Karst Area,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Guangxi Nanning Survey and Design Institute of Pearl River Commission,Nanning 530007,China;Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Huanjiang,Guangxi 547100,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学岩溶地区水污染控制与用水安全保障协同创新中心,广西桂林541004 [2]桂林理工大学广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室科教结合科技创新基地,广西桂林541004 [3]广西珠委南宁勘测设计院,南宁530007 [4]中国科学院环江喀斯特生态系统观测研究站,广西环江547100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2024年第1期10-17,共8页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB22035058);国家自然科学基金项目(51769005)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究自然降雨条件下不同岩面形态岩石的降雨产流特征,为深入了解喀斯特坡地降雨侵蚀规律提供科学依据。[方法]选取研究区内光滑、裂隙、溶穴和溶盘4种典型岩面形态的岩石为研究对象,采用野外径流小区原位观测的方法,对降雨后各种岩面形态下岩石产生的岩面径流进行监测。[结果](1) 4种岩面形态中,岩面径流系数表现为光滑(0.74)>溶盘(0.57)>溶穴(0.35)>裂隙(0.19),光滑岩面平均径流系数显著高于其他类型的岩面,径流系数分别为裂隙、溶盘和溶穴的3.89,2.11,1.30倍。(2)随着降雨等级的增大,不同岩面径流系数均呈增加趋势,在大雨及以上降雨事件下,4种岩面形态的径流系数存在显著差异。(3)降雨量是影响不同岩面径流深的主要降雨因子,导致岩面产流的降雨量临界值大小表现为裂隙(1.8 mm)>光滑(1.5 mm)>溶盘(1.1 mm)>溶穴(1.0 mm)。[结论]岩面形态和降雨量是影响岩面径流的主要因素;在裸岩广泛分布的喀斯特地区,岩面径流是坡面径流的重要组成,在水土流失防治中要考虑岩面径流的影响。[Objective]The aims of this study are to examine the characteristics of rainfall-runoff under different rock surface morphologies under natural rainfall conditions,and to provide a scientific basis for further understanding the rainfall erosion pattern in karst slopes.[Methods]Four typical rock surface morphologies of smoothness,fissure,karst cave,and solution dish in this study area were selected as the research objects.In-situ observational tests on field run-off plots were used to monitor rock surface runoff generation under various rock surface morphologies after rainfall.[Results](1)Among the four kinds of rock surface morphology,the runoff coefficient of rock surface decreased in the order:smoothness(0.74)>solution dish(0.57)>karst cave(0.35)>fissure(0.19).The average runoff coefficient of smoothness was significantly higher than those of other types,being 3.89,2.11,and 1.30 times higher than those of the fissure,solution dish,and karst cave,respectively.(2)With the increase in rainfall grade,the runoff coefficients of different rock surfaces showed an increasing trend.During heavy rainfall and above rainfall events,the runoff coefficients were significantly different for the 4 rock surface morphologies.(3)Preciptation was the main rainfall factor affecting the runoff depth of rock.The critical value of rainfall causing rock surface runoff was fissure(1.8 mm)>smoothness rock surface(1.5 mm)>solution dish(1.1 mm)>karst cave(1.0 mm).[Conclusion]Rock surface morphology and rainfall are important factors affecting rock surface runoff.Large rock surface runoff is a vital component of runoff in karst slopes.The effect of rock surface runoff should be considered in the prevention of soil and water loss on karst slopes.

关 键 词：喀斯特 岩面形态 自然降雨 岩面径流 产流特征 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]