罗玉沟流域水沙变化趋势及影响因素  

Trends of Runoff and Sediment and Their Impact Factors in Luoyugou Watershed

作　　者：秦瑞杰[1] 李平[1] 肖培青[2] 马田铂 王柯凡 Qin Ruijie;Li Ping;Xiao Peiqing;Ma Tianbo;Wang Kefan(Tianshui Experimental Station on Soil and Water Conservation,YRCC,Tianshui,Gansu 741000,China;Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation on the Loess Plateau,Ministry of Water Resources,Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利委员会天水水土保持科学试验站,甘肃天水741000 [2]黄河水利科学研究院,水利部黄土高原水土保持重点实验室,郑州450003

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2024年第1期151-158,共8页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金黄河水科学联合基金(U2243210);黄河流域水土保持(12616201453102);黄委优秀青年人才科技项目(HQK-202303)。

摘　　要：[目的]探讨小流域水沙变化趋势及影响因素,为黄土高原丘陵沟壑区水土流失治理和水土保持措施布设提供参考依据。[方法]采取Spearman秩次相关检验方法、累积距平法和双累积曲线法等对黄土丘陵沟壑区罗玉沟流域1986—2016年降水量、径流量和输沙量变化趋势和演变过程进行分析。[结果](1) 1986—2016年罗玉沟流域年降水量趋势性变化不显著;流域年径流量和年输沙量变化具有明显的阶段性,以1993年为界,年径流量和年输沙量呈显著降低趋势。(2)降水和水土保持措施影响罗玉沟流域年径流量和输沙量,不同降水水平年,降水和水土保持措施对流域水沙变化的影响不同,水土保持措施使流域枯水年份径流量和输沙量减少最为显著。(3)水土保持措施对年径流量和年输沙量的减少贡献率分别为83.50%和80.97%。[结论]降水量变化不显著的情况下,水土保持措施对罗玉沟流域年径流量和年输沙量的减少起主导作用,水土保持综合治理对枯水年径流量和输沙量的影响幅度最大。[Objective]The aims of this study are to explore trends and influencing factors of water and sediment changes in small watersheds,and to provide reference basis for soil erosion control and soil conservation measures in loess hilly and gully region.[Methods]The Spearman rank correlation test,cumulative anomaly,and double cumulative curve method were used to analyze the trend and evolution process of precipitation,runoff,and sediment transport in Luoyugou watershed of loess hilly and gully region from 1986 to 2016.[Results](1)The trend change of annual precipitation was not significant in Luoyugou basin from 1986 to 2016.The changes in annual runoff and sediment transport in the watershed had obvious stages,with the year 1993 as the boundary,and the annual runoff and sediment transport showed a significant downward trend.(2)Precipitation and soil and water conservation measures affected the annual runoff and sediment transport in Luoyugou watershed,and their influence on the changes of water and sediment varied with different precipitation levels.Soil and water conservation measures reduced the runoff and sediment transport in dry years of the watershed significantly.(3)The contribution rates of soil and water conservation measures to the reduction of annual runoff and annual sediment transport were 83.50%and 80.97%,respectively.[Conclusion]In the absence of significant changes in precipitation,soil and water conservation measures play a leading role in reducing the annual runoff and sediment transport in Luoyugou watershed.The comprehensive management of soil and water conservation has the greatest impact on the runoff and sediment transport in dry year.

关 键 词：黄土丘陵沟壑区 罗玉沟流域 水沙变化 影响因素 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]