喀斯特山地典型植被类型凋落物和土壤水文效应  

Litter and Soil Hydrological Effects of Typical Vegetation Types in Karst Mountains

作　　者：赵敏 戴全厚[1,3] 严友进[1,2,3] 姚一文 丁鹏玮 周红 Zhao Min;Dai Quanhou;Yan Youjin;Yao Yiwen;Ding Pengwei;Zhou Hong(College of Forestry,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment,ministry of Education,Guizhou University,Guiyang 50025,China;Soil Erosion and Ecological Restoration Research Center,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学林学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学喀斯特地质资源与环境教育部重点实验室,贵阳50025 [3]贵州大学土壤侵蚀与生态修复研究中心,贵阳550025

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2024年第1期241-249,共9页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42167044);贵州大学培育项目(贵大培育[2019]10号)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究喀斯特山地典型植被类型凋落物以及土壤水文效应,对该地区植被恢复具有重要意义。[方法]通过野外调查与室内分析的方法,选取喀斯特山地草地、草灌复合丛、灌丛、乔灌复合林和乔木林5种典型植被类型,探索不同植被类型下凋落物及土壤水文效应特征。[结果](1)5种典型植被类型凋落物蓄积量依次为乔灌复合林(3.57 t/hm^(2))、乔木林(3.00 t/hm^(2))、草灌复合丛(2.18 t/hm^(2))、灌丛(1.94 t/hm^(2))、草地(1.8 t/hm^(2)),植被类型以及凋落物分解程度均与蓄积量呈极显著相关(p<0.01);凋落物有效拦蓄量、最大拦蓄量均以乔木林最高、乔灌复合林及草地次之,均随分解程度增加而降低,二者分别与植被类型和分解程度呈极显著相关(p<0.01)。(2)土壤自然含水量、最大持水量、毛管持水量、最小持水量均以乔木林和乔灌复合林较大,草地较小,植被类型对土壤各持水指标影响均极显著(p<0.001)。(3)凋落物拦蓄量通过影响土壤容重,改善土壤质地和孔隙状况,提高土壤的水文效应。[结论]结合喀斯特地区植被恢复的困难性,采用乔灌植被开展植被恢复能够更好地改善凋落物及土壤水文条件,提高植被恢复效益。[Objective]It is of great significance to study the litter and soil hydrological effects of typical vegetation types in karst mountain areas for vegetation restoration in this area.[Methods]This study combined field investigation and indoor analysis,five typical vegetation types including karst mountain grassland,grass shrub complex,shrub,arbor shrub complex and arbor forest were selected to explore the characteristics of litter and soil hydrological effects under different vegetation types.[Results](1)The litter volume of the five typical vegetation types were 3.57 t/hm^(2)in arbor shrub composite forest,3.00 t/hm^(2)in arbor forest,2.18 t/hm^(2)in grass shrub composite forest),1.94 t/hm^(2)in shrub,1.8 t/hm^(2)in grassland.The vegetation type and the decomposition degree of litter were significantly correlated with the litter volume(p<0.01).The effective interception amount and maximum interception amount of litter were the highest in arbor forest,the second in arbor shrub composite forest and grassland,and both decreased with the increase of decomposition degree,which were significantly correlated with vegetation type and decomposition degree,respectively(p<0.01).(2)The natural water content,maximum water holding capacity,capillary water holding capacity and minimum water holding capacity of soil were higher in arbor forest and arbor shrub composite forest,and smaller in grassland.The vegetation type had a very significant impact on each soil water holding index(p=0).(3)Litter holding capacity could improve soil texture and porosity by affecting soil bulk density,and improve soil hydrological effect.[Conclusion]Combined with the difficulty of vegetation restoration in karst area,the use of arbor and shrub vegetation for vegetation restoration can better improve the hydrological conditions of litter and soil,and improve the benefits of vegetation restoration.

关 键 词：喀斯特 土壤物理性质 凋落物持水特征 

分 类 号：S715[农业科学—林学]