贵州湄潭茶园茶树日灼病发病特征及影响因素分析  

Incidence characteristics and influencing factors of sunburn on tea trees in tea gardens of Meitan,Guizhou

作　　者：王天一 黄兴成[1,2,3] 王钰茹 张彤 石孝均 陈新平[1,2] 张福锁 WANG Tian-yi;HUANG Xing-cheng;WANG Yu-ru;ZHANG Tong;SHI Xiao-jun;CHEN Xin-ping;ZHANG Fu-suo(College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716,China;Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716,China;Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400716 [2]西南大学长江经济带农业绿色发展研究中心,重庆400716 [3]贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [4]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2023年第10期2940-2948,共9页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U20A2047)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索贵州湄潭茶园茶树日灼病发病特征及影响因素,为区域开展茶园抗旱减灾提供理论参考。【方法】采用典型样地调查法对贵州湄潭县150个茶园的茶树日灼病发病特征进行调查,分析茶树特征、栽培管理和地形条件等因素对茶树日灼病发病特征的影响;采用随机森林(Random forest,RF)模型研究各因素对茶树日灼病发病程度影响的相对重要性。【结果】贵州湄潭茶园茶树日灼病发病率高达85.3%,发病程度平均值为30.8%。不同茶树品种日灼病发病程度存在差异,其中福鼎大白茶日灼病发病程度最高,平均值为45.9%,显著高于黔湄601、黔湄502和黔湄809(P<0.05,下同);植茶前土地利用方式对茶树日灼病发病程度影响显著,其中植茶前土地利用方式为水田的茶园茶树日灼病发病程度最高,平均值达52.9%,其次是旱地,林地和荒草地较低;与无遮荫树茶园相比,种植遮荫树的茶园茶树日灼病发病率降低13.3%(绝对值,下同),发病程度显著降低10.8%;不同海拔的茶园茶树日灼病发病程度存在差异,其中海拔≤820 m的茶园茶树日灼病发病程度平均值为46.3%,显著高于海拔>820 m的茶园;不同地理位置以沟谷茶园的茶树日灼病发病程度最高,平均值达50.8%,坡腰最低,平均值为24.6%;不同坡度以平坡茶园的茶树日灼病发病程度最高,平均值达40.9%,陡坡最低,平均值仅为10.3%。随机森林模型分析结果显示,影响茶树日灼病发病程度的首要因素是植茶前土地利用方式,其相对重要性最高,达23.9%,其次为茶树品种。【结论】茶树日灼病发病特征受植茶前土地利用方式、茶树品种、地形坡度、海拔高度、地理位置和有无遮荫树的影响,其中植茶前土地利用方式是首要影响因素。应加强对品种为福鼎大白茶、植茶前土地利用方式为水田、区域内低海拔、处于沟谷和平坡茶园的干旱预防,并适当种植遮荫树,以【Objective】To explore the incidence characteristics and influencing factors of tea tree sunburn in tea gar-dens of Meitan,Guizhou,and to provide theoretical references for the regional development of drought mitigation in tea gardens.【Method】A typical sample plot survey method was used to investigate the incidence characteristics of tea tree sunburn in 150 tea gardens in Meitan,Guizhou,to analyze the effects of factors such as tea tree characteristics,cultivation management and topographic conditions on the incidence characteristics of tea tree sunburn;a random forest(RF)model was used to study the relative importance of the effects of various factors on the incidence degree of tea tree sunburn.【Re-sult】The incidence rate of sunburn in tea gardens in Meitan,Guizhou was as high as 85.3%,and the average value of the incidence degree was 30.8%.There were differences in the incidence degree of sunburn among different tea cultivars,among which Fuding Dabaicha had the highest incidence degree of sunburn,with a mean value of 45.9%,which was sig-nificantly higher than that of Qianmei 601,Qianmei 502 and Qianmei 809(P<0.05,the same below).The land use man-ner before tea planting had significant effect on the incidence of sunburn,among which the land use of paddy fields had the highest incidence of sunburn,with a mean value of 52.9%,followed by drylands,forest lands and barren grasslands.Compared with the tea garden without shade trees,the incidence of sunburn in tea gardens planted with shade trees was re-duced by 13.3%(absolute value,the same below),and the degree of incidence was significantly reduced by 10.8%.The degree of incidence of tea tree sunburn in tea gardens at different altitudes varied significantly,with the average value of the degree of incidence in tea gardens with altitude of≤820 m as 46.3%,significantly higher than that of tea gardens with altitude>820 m.The incidence degree of sunburn in tea gardens with different terrain positions was the highest in gully,with an average value of 50.8%,a

关 键 词：茶树 日灼病 植茶前土地利用方式 随机森林模型 贵州湄潭 

分 类 号：S435.711[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]