不同水平射箭运动员撒放阶段动作特征的差异研究——基于统计参数映射  

A Comparative Study on the Movement Characteristics of Archery Athletes with Different Levels in the Releasing Phase-Based on Statistical Parametric Mapping

作　　者：邢睿 张璟 周兴龙[1] 曲峰[1] XING Rui;ZHANG Jing;ZHOU Xinglong;QU Feng(Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China.)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2023年第12期3-9,共7页China Sport Science and Technology

摘　　要：目的:基于统计参数映射法(statistical parametric mapping,SPM),探讨不同水平射箭运动员在撒放阶段的动作姿态特征和姿势控制能力差异。方法:20名男子射箭运动员按运动员技术等级分为健将组(n=10)和一级组(n=10),运用Qualisys红外光点运动捕捉系统采集成绩在10环区域以内的射箭运动学数据,采用统计参数映射法对比分析不同水平射箭运动员在撒放阶段的动作特征差异。结果:不同水平射箭运动员持弓侧与拉弓侧的姿态角向量场在整个撒放阶段均存在统计学差异,结合事后SPM两独立样本t检验发现,该差异主要来源于,与一级组相比,健将组:1)在撒放前,持弓侧肩关节屈曲角、水平屈曲角更大(P=0.001),拉弓侧肘关节屈曲角、前臂旋转角更大(P=0.001);2)撒放后,拉弓侧各肩关节姿态角变化速率更小(P=0.001),且2组运动员肘关节屈伸角在撒放后即刻表现出相反的变化趋势。此外,在撒放前,健将组的持弓侧肩点与腕点、拉弓侧肩点与肘点,以及弓点的晃动体积均显著小于一级组(P<0.05)。结论:不同水平射箭运动员在撒放阶段的姿态特征以及姿势控制方面存在差异。姿态特征方面,在撒放前,健将级运动员身体与弓箭系统之间的距离相对较远,且拉弓侧前臂外旋更多;姿势控制方面,健将级运动员在撒放前对近端环节及弓的稳定控制能力更强,在撒放后即刻对拉弓侧肩关节的姿势控制能力较高,能够有效减少惯性对其姿态的影响;此外,应注重撒放后即刻对远端环节肢体的控制,降低撒放动作对箭支的影响。Objective:To investigate the differences of postural characteristics and postural control ability of archers at different levels in the releasing phase based on the statistical parametric mapping(SPM).Methods:Twenty male archers were divided into the master group(n=10)and the national first-level group(n=10)according to the skill level of the athletes.The Qualisys infrared kinematics measurement system was used to collect the kinematic data of male professional archers with scores of more than ten rings.The SPM method was used to compare and analyze the differences of movement characteristics of archers with different levels in the releasing phase.Results:There were statistical differences in the posture angle vector fields between the bow side and string side of archers with different levels in the whole releasing phase.Combined with the post hoc t-test results of SPM,it was found that the differences of posture angle vector fields mainly due to the following factors:Compared with the national first-level group,1)the master group showed greater flexion angle and horizontal flexion angle of shoulder joint on the bow side(P=0.001),and greater flexion angle of elbow joint and forearm external rotation angle on the string side(P=0.001)in the pre-releasing phase;2)in the post-releasing phase,the change rate of each shoulder joint angle on the string side in the master group was slower(P=0.001),and the change trend of elbow flexion and extension angle between the two groups is significantly different at the beginning of the post-releasing phase.In addition,the shaking volumes of the shoulder points and wrist points on the bow side,shoulder points and el‐bow points on the string side and the bow points in the master group were significantly smaller than those in the national first-level group(P<0.05).Conclusions:The postural characteris‐tics and postural control ability of archers at different levels are different in the releasing phase.In the terms of postural characteristics,the distance between body and bow syst

关 键 词：射箭 撒放阶段 统计参数映射 

分 类 号：G887[文化科学—体育训练]