我国乡村老龄化现状及其对粮食生产的影响与应对  

China’s Rural Aging Problem and Its Impact on Grain Production

作　　者：黄祖辉[1] 李懿芸 毛晓红[2] HUANG Zuhui;LI Yiyun;MAO Xiaohong(CARD,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058;Institute of Rural Development,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学中国农村发展研究院,杭州310058 [2]浙江省农业科学院农村发展研究所,杭州310021

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期35-42,共8页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(2022&ZD080)。

摘　　要：根据2020年最新人口普查数据,我国乡村老龄化率为17.72%,先于城市步入中度老龄化社会。我国乡村老龄化整体呈现出老年抚养比增速快、低龄老人务农比例高等特征,与国际主要发达国家相比我国乡村老龄人口就业占比相对较高。分区域看,粮食主产区乡村老龄化增幅更多、老年抚养比更重、老龄就业比重更高;全国乡村老年抚养比28.13%,但粮食主产省份达31.28%。通过定性梳理乡村老龄化对农户参与粮食种植及其粮食生产行为效率等的影响,提出积极应对乡村老龄化、保障粮食安全的思路与对策建议。According to the latest census data in 2020,the rural aging rate of China is 17.72%,which is ahead of cities stepping into a moderate aging society.China’s rural area has the characteristics of less fertile women,fast growth rate of the elderly dependency ratio,low level of social security,and high agricultural labor participation rate of the young elderly.Compared with major developed countries,the elderly employments account for a higher proportion of the total employed population in rural areas of China.In the main grain-producing areas,the aging problem is even worse.The rural dependency ratio of elderly people is 28.13%in China,but it is 31.28%in the main grain-producing provinces.This paper then qualitatively sorted out the influence of aging on whether farmers participate in grain planting and on the efficiency of their grain production behaviors.Based on the above research conclusions,the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to actively cope with rural aging and ensure national food security.

关 键 词：乡村老龄化 老年抚养比 粮食安全 粮食主产区 区域及城乡差异 

分 类 号：F325.22[经济管理—产业经济]