中国古代史学的以易解史  

Ancient Chinese Historiography:Explaining History with Yi

作　　者：汪高鑫[1] Wang Gaoxin

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院,北京100875

出　　处：《社会科学战线》2024年第1期98-110,282,共14页Social Science Front

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(22JJD770011);贵州省哲学社会科学规划国学单列项目(20GZGX14)。

摘　　要：在中国古代史学发展过程中,以易解史成为史家阐发其史学思想的重要模式。中国古代的易史关系源于巫史合一,史官长期兼有巫的身份,执行卜筮的职能。作为记录卜筮结果的《周易》,与史官有着不解之缘。史官参与《周易》的撰述、保存与流传,其对历史变动的解说丰富了《周易》的思想。易学思维是中国古代史学的哲理基础,其整体思维启发了史学的“究天人之际”,变通思维启发了史学的“通古今之变”,“一致百虑”思维启发了史学的“成一家之言”。中国古代易史关系的基本模式有史料学视角的以易说史和历史思维视角的以易解史两种,前者无法解说持续数千年之久的易史因缘,后者则可以通过探究易学内蕴的丰富思维术之于中国古代史学持续的思想影响,揭示出中国古代史学发展的易学思维特征。在中国古代史学的具体实践中,历代史家普遍重视治《易》,他们通过在史书中采用“《易》曰”以及编纂易学著作等形式,运用以易解史的模式来阐发史学思想,对为政之道、天人关系、古今之变以及道德史观等史学思想做出了系统阐发。In the development of ancient Chinese historiography,the interpretation of history by Yi has become an important mode for historians to explain their historiographic thoughts.The relationship between Yi and history originated from the unity of witch and history,and the historians had the status of witches for a long time,performing the function of divination.Zhouyi,as a record of the results of divination,had an unbreakable relationship with the historians,who were involved in the compilation,preservation,and circulation of Zhouyi.Their explanations of the historical changes enriched Zhouyi greatly.Yi is the philosophical foundation of ancient Chinese historiography whose holistic thinking inspired the historiography of“investigating the interstices between heaven and mankind”,the adaptability inspired the“understanding of the changes of the past and the present”and the“unanimity”inspired the various thinking of“becoming one family”.The basic mode has two kinds,namely,the historical material perspective of Yi history and its historical thinking perspective.While the former cannot explain the long-lasting Yi history,the latter can reveal the characteristics of Yi thinking in the its development by probing into the rich thinking techniques embedded in Yi science and the continuous ideological influence on ancient Chinese historiography.In its specific practice,historians of all times generally emphasized the rule of Yi,and they used the mode of interpreting history by Yi to elaborate historiographic thoughts by adopting“Yi said...”in history books and compiling works,and systematically elaborated historiographic thoughts,such as the way of governance,the relationship between man and heaven,the changes of the past and the present as well as the moral and historical outlooks.

关 键 词：中国古代史学 易学 以易说史 以易解史 

分 类 号：K092[历史地理—历史学]